Latest Auto Design: press release

Showing posts with label press release. Show all posts

New BMW M3 Sedan, BMW M4 Coupe Official Specs.

<div trbidi="on" style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr">The launch of the new BMW M3 Sedan and new BMW M4 Coupe sees BMW M GmbH revealing an all-new interpretation of the high-performance sports car – and carrying the BMW M philosophy over into the fifth generation of the M3. More than 40,000 examples of the fourth-generation BMW M3 Coupe were built, and now the BMW M4 Coupe is poised to continue this history of success. The “M4” badge is a reference to the model series that provides the basis for the new M model. And for the first time, the Coupe will be introduced at the same time as the four-door variant, which logic dictates will be christened the BMW M3. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAEslKKQlJ3fLmeg2zgA3nnHENluGVNR0egZ4cdhXu-sxF_7FmURm76SMcBULOcrNOrXL9sjsqzD4yvV3KPr6bfDUJ0HB4cmQ0LZOe17QS2o3WXlKww2eyJTOyPfzfdiwzsefplmm-OXlS/s1600/P90134006.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAEslKKQlJ3fLmeg2zgA3nnHENluGVNR0egZ4cdhXu-sxF_7FmURm76SMcBULOcrNOrXL9sjsqzD4yvV3KPr6bfDUJ0HB4cmQ0LZOe17QS2o3WXlKww2eyJTOyPfzfdiwzsefplmm-OXlS/s640/P90134006.jpg" height="360" border="0" /></a></div> <a name='more'></a> “Four generations of the BMW M3 have blended motor sport genes and uncompromised everyday usability within an emotionally rich overall concept;” explains Dr Friedrich Nitschke, President BMW M GmbH. “The BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe represent an ongoing commitment to this philosophy. The engine is the heart of every M model, and the example fitted in the two new cars combines the virtues of a high-revving naturally aspirated unit with the strengths of turbocharger technology. An all-embracing lightweight design concept keeps the cars’ weight to just under 1,500 kilograms. The BMW M3 and BMW M4 take motor sport technology from the track to the road, and thousands of laps of the legendary Nürburgring Nordschleife – the world’s most demanding race track – have readied the new models for that transition. Meticulous and passion-fuelled development work has underpinned the creation of two high-performance sports cars that set new standards in terms of overall concept, precision and agility.” The high-revving six-cylinder in-line engine with BMW M TwinPower Turbo technology newly developed for the new BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe produces maximum output of approximately 430 hp. Its peak torque soars far beyond 500 Newton metres (369 lb-ft), outstripping the figures recorded by the outgoing BMW M3 by well over 30 per cent. And yet the engine also achieves a reduction in fuel consumption and emissions of around 25 per cent. The weight of the cars has been reduced to just under 1,500 kilograms, which helps to ensure outstanding driving dynamics and exceptional efficiency. 2. The balance of the overall concept: A blend of elements working in perfect harmony delivers outstanding performance, precision and agility. The new BMW M3 Sedan and new BMW M4 Coupe share a low-slung and broad-set, yet finely balanced, stance on the road, highlighting the emphasis on performance capability in the emotional development of M design. Large air intakes at the front end, exposed carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) components and the diffuser at the muscular rear end are far from mere design flourishes; they also fulfil functional roles in terms of aerodynamics, cooling and weight saving. Numerous aerodynamics measures integrated into all areas of the body. The aerodynamics concept of BMW M GmbH models has always been one of the key elements in their development. The engineers need to channel the air around the car to create the best possible platform for dynamic excellence, while also ensuring the engine, powertrain and brakes receive the requisite cooling given the significant loads they are operating under. But at the same time, the cars should also have a good Cd – an indicator of impressive efficiency at higher speeds, in particular. Details such as the powerfully formed front apron, smooth underbody and clearly defined Gurney spoiler lip at the rear of the M3 Sedan (or integrated spoiler lip at the rear of the BMW M4 Coupe) reduce lift by an equal degree at the front and rear axle and produce optimum handling attributes. These examples underline in familiar fashion the success of M engineers in reconciling the requirements of everyday use with the demands of action on the race track. Elements like the Air Curtain and M gills with integrated Air Breather rearwards of the front wheels minimise turbulence in the front wheel arches. And, together with the smoothly sculpted exterior mirrors, they are also highly distinctive design features of the BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe. Sophisticated cooling concept for maximum performance. The exceptional performance potential of the BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe places extremely exacting demands on temperature management in the engine and peripheral assemblies. In order to ensure optimum operating temperatures in everyday use, on short journeys around town and on the race track, the BMW M GmbH engineers have developed an extremely effective cooling system. For example, alongside the two ultra-dynamic turbocharger units, the air intake system of the six-cylinder engine also includes an indirect intercooler to cool the intake air, maximising charge pressure and engine output. As well as a main radiator, the track-ready cooling concept also comprises additional radiators for the high- and low-temperature water circuits, turbocharger and transmission oil. These ensure a consistent temperature balance and therefore unrestricted performance during hard driving. An additional electric coolant pump cools the turbocharger bearing mounts when the car is stationary.     The powertrain gains from a wide variety of motor sport technologies. The many years of experience in motor sport clocked up by the BMW M engineers also make their presence felt in the construction of the powertrain for the new BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe. For example, the engine’s impressive torque is sent on its way by a forged crankshaft with high torsional rigidity, whose low weight also allows a significant reduction in rotating mass. The crankshaft therefore helps to optimise the engine’s responsiveness and acceleration and makes an important contribution to its high-revving character. The engine sends its power to the wheels through a six-speed manual gearbox as standard. This gearbox is significantly more compact than its predecessor and 12 kilograms lighter, allowing it to assist the car’s optimum – virtually 50:50 – weight distribution. As a means of increasing shift comfort, the manual gearbox uses innovative new carbon friction linings in its synchroniser rings. Dry sump lubrication provides an efficient supply of oil to all parts of the gearbox. The new gearbox also works a lot more quietly than before and blips the throttle on downshifts – previously a feature reserved for the M Double Clutch Transmission. This engagement speed control function helps to enhance stability and was originally developed by motor sport engineers. Seven-speed M Double Clutch Transmission with Launch Control. The optional seven-speed M Double Clutch Transmission with DriveLogic takes a very special route to combining the apparently conflicting values of absolute sports performance and comfort. As well as changing gear automatically, in manual mode the transmission enables ultra-fast gear changes with no interruption in the flow of power. The integrated Launch Control function ensures optimum sprinting performance off the line, producing acceleration figures that would be out of range with the manual gearbox. The M Double Clutch Transmission also offers drivers extra functions, such as selectable modes which make the BMW M3 and BMW M4 more comfortable, easier on fuel or even sportier. The extra gear over the manual gearbox allows more tightly spaced ratios – and delivers the positive effects on performance and efficiency you would expect as a result. The material properties of carbon have allowed the engineers to follow a fundamentally new approach in the manufacture of the drive shaft. This component feeds the engine’s torque from the gearbox to the rear differential and works under extremely heavy loads – especially in high-performance vehicles. The impressive stiffness and low weight of CFRP as a material allow the drive shaft to be constructed as a single-piece unit with no centre bearing. As well as a weight saving of 40 per cent over its predecessor, this leads to a reduction in rotating masses and, in turn, to sharper responses to movements of the accelerator, combined with enhanced dynamics. Another feature that adds fresh polish to the dynamic repertoire of the BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe is the Active M Differential. Unlike the manual system used by the outgoing BMW M3, here an electric actuator constantly varies the locking effect, as required. That enables better traction, the adjustability of the car is improved, and understeer coming out of corners is dialled out to impressive effect. M Dynamic Mode – a subfunction of the Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) system – quenches the thirst of enthusiastic drivers for keen dynamics. While DSC intervenes as required to counteract understeer and oversteer, M Dynamic Mode allows greater wheel slip and therefore easy drifting. Owners with a taste for sporty and dynamic driving will appreciate this breadth to the cars’ handling, although DSC will still step in if the car ventures over the limits – unless it is switched off completely. Whichever setting the driver chooses, he or she remains responsible for the car’s stability. Aluminium suspension elements ensure sharper dynamics. The core expertise of BMW M GmbH resides in creating cars that offer impressive steering precision, on-the-limit adjustability, agility and driving feeling, together with unbeatable traction and outstanding directional stability – all without neglecting everyday usability. In order to blend these attributes with the significantly increased performance capability of the new BMW M3 Sedan and new BMW M4 Coupe, the axles of the outgoing BMW M3 have undergone further development and all relevant components have been newly designed or constructed. Here again, low weight and a high level of structural rigidity are essential ingredients in ensuring the cars provide an ultra-dynamic driving experience. In the double-joint spring strut front axle alone, the use of a lightweight aluminium construction for components such as control arms, wheel carriers and axle subframes saves five kilograms over a conventional steel design. Play-free ball joints and elastomer bearings developed specially for the BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe ensure an optimum and direct transfer of forces both laterally and longitudinally. An aluminium stiffening plate, CFRP front strut brace and additional bolted joints between the axle subframe and the body sills all help to increase the rigidity of the front structure. Also lighter than the construction in the outgoing BMW M3 is the new five- link rear axle. All the control arms and wheel carriers are manufactured using forged aluminium, which reduces the unsprung masses of the wheel-locating components by around three kilograms compared with the previous model generation. The rigid connection between the rear axle subframe and the body – without the use of elastic rubber elements – is borrowed from motor sport and serves to further improve wheel location and therefore directional stability. The development of the tyres for the cars was incorporated from the outset into the construction process for the axles. For high-performance sports cars like the BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe, in particular, steering feel and precision are the foremost considerations in the development of tyres for the front axle, alongside lateral stability and braking forces. At the rear axle, meanwhile, traction, lateral stability and directional stability take centre stage. For this reason, both cars will leave the factory on low-weight forged wheels with mixed-size tyres. The specially developed forged wheels make a significant contribution to the reduction in the cars’ unsprung masses and, in turn, to the optimisation of dynamic qualities and efficiency. Electric Power Steering with three settings. The electromechanical steering system used in the BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe is a new development from BMW M GmbH. It has been tuned specially to assist the cause of dynamic driving and offers the gifts of direct steering feeling and precise feedback. The integrated Servotronic function electronically adjusts the level of steering assistance according to the car’s speed, providing optimum steering characteristics at all speeds. The steering for the BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe also offers the driver three steering characteristics as standard, which can be selected at the touch of a button. COMFORT, SPORT and SPORT+ modes allow the level of steering assistance to be adapted to suit the situation at hand and the driver’s personal tastes. The optional Adaptive M suspension likewise comes with COMFORT, SPORT and SPORT+ modes, enabling the driver to choose between a more comfortable damper setting for motorway driving, for example, a stiffer set-up for dynamic driving on country roads, and a third option that minimises wheel movements and maximises dynamic performance for use on the track. With their supreme dynamic attributes in mind, the BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe also come as standard with BMW M compound brakes boasting impressive feel, outstanding stopping power and high resistance to fade. Far lighter than conventional equivalents, these brakes contribute to a substantial reduction in unsprung masses and therefore help to enhance dynamic performance. Even lighter BMW M carbon ceramic brakes can also be specified as an option, their further optimised performance attributes equipping them even more effectively for track use. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfrKECurxsX5xwRZjohjzBhx1wg8mF2Hm3_74hW590fXHaoRs0y-EjpPdgP3pSZpITGLnIqMvadHYIua4zi8OHugS4FhVtqIBBfTo_5SEfF4tJHR6VFMPrVevAW9MAhyphenhyphenOzLJ6vcIDYw9Rb/s1600/P90134430-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfrKECurxsX5xwRZjohjzBhx1wg8mF2Hm3_74hW590fXHaoRs0y-EjpPdgP3pSZpITGLnIqMvadHYIua4zi8OHugS4FhVtqIBBfTo_5SEfF4tJHR6VFMPrVevAW9MAhyphenhyphenOzLJ6vcIDYw9Rb/s640/P90134430-highRes.jpg" height="522" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0F3JFkZxbtcCUm5XLpJn5YAw-gRCB9igyzz38QFeEO-yBhV_Sz67Fn2mdAiVq9Yw3Jgjj0WjH2OK4R1ZWzvtBNTlrezkkoc86t8ujxNobGmJarq83vJGD6_JvTU1_8_0Mtxar55v1sp-S/s1600/P90134429-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0F3JFkZxbtcCUm5XLpJn5YAw-gRCB9igyzz38QFeEO-yBhV_Sz67Fn2mdAiVq9Yw3Jgjj0WjH2OK4R1ZWzvtBNTlrezkkoc86t8ujxNobGmJarq83vJGD6_JvTU1_8_0Mtxar55v1sp-S/s640/P90134429-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> 3. New six-cylinder in-line engine: High-revving, turbocharged engine combines the best of both worlds. The new BMW M3 Sedan and new BMW M4 Coupe from BMW M GmbH see a return to a six-in-line engine configuration, as used on the second and third generations of this iconic sports car. The new turbocharged unit, which can develop more than 7,500 rpm, combines the best of both worlds – on the one hand a high-revving design for instant response, linear power delivery over a wide engine speed range and an unmistakable and characterful engine note, and on the other hand BMW TwinPower Turbo technology for maximised torque over a broad rpm range. A further hallmark of this engine is its outstanding efficiency. The new engine sees a slight power upgrade over the previous V8 to approximately 430 hp, while peak torque has been increased by well over 30 per cent to substantially more than 500 Newton metres, and is maintained over a very wide rev band. The new powerplant also boasts excellent fuel consumption, with an improvement of more than 25 per cent over the previous model’s figures, while emissions are already EU6-compliant. The BMW M TwinPower Turbo technology comprises two mono-scroll turbochargers, High Precision Direct Injection, VALVETRONIC variable valve timing and Double-VANOS seamlessly variable camshaft timing. The variable valve and camshaft timing provide fully variable control of intake valve lift. This allows the engine to deliver its power smoothly and efficiently, resulting in lower fuel consumption and emissions. At the same time, throttle response is even sharper than before. The six-cylinder engine features a closed-deck crankcase design, which increases rigidity and allows cylinder pressures to be increased for maximised power output. And instead of liners, the cylinder bores feature a twin-wire arc-sprayed coating, which results in a significant reduction in engine weight. A further technical highlight is the forged, torsionally rigid crankshaft which, as well as providing increased torque-carrying capacity, is also lighter in weight. Its reduced rotating masses also improve throttle response and acceleration. Track-ready cooling system and engine oil supply for outstanding performance. The exceptional performance of the BMW M3 Sedan and BMW M4 Coupe also demands an exceptionally sophisticated thermal management system for the engine and ancillary units. To ensure optimal operating temperatures both in short everyday trips around town and also when the vehicle is being driven flat out on the track, the M GmbH engineers developed a highly efficient cooling system, comprising a main radiator plus additional radiators for the high- and low-temperature circuits, turbocharger and transmission, while a temperature-stabilising electric water pump ensures that the engine can develop its full performance at all times. The engine oil supply system, too, reflects the extensive motor sport experience of BMW M GmbH. The low-weight magnesium oil sump, for example, features a special cover to limit movement of the oil under the effects of strong dynamic lateral acceleration. Under extreme longitudinal acceleration and deceleration, an oil extraction pump and a sophisticated oil return system situated close to the turbocharger likewise help to maintain uninterrupted oil circulation. Oil is therefore supplied continuously to all engine components in all driving situations – whether in everyday motoring or during hard driving on the track. An engine sound in keeping with the motor sport-level performance of the BMW M3 and BMW M4 is provided by an innovative flap arrangement in the twin-pipe exhaust system. The electrically controlled flaps just before the rear silencer minimise exhaust back-pressure and produce a BMW M sound which is striking and unmistakable over the entire engine speed range, as well as giving precise feedback on engine load. Intelligent lightweight design was a top priority in the development of the BMW M3 and BMW M4. The goal was to minimise kerb weight in order to give both models outstanding driving dynamics and exemplary efficiency. These measures have delivered impressive results. The kerb weight of the BMW M4 has been reduced to less than 1,500 kilograms, which means the new model is now around 80 kilograms lighter than a comparably equipped predecessor model – with benefits for driving dynamics and fuel consumption as well. BMW M3 Sedan also gets CFRP roof for first the time. On the outgoing models, the CFRP roof was confined to the Coupe version. Now, for the first time, the four-door BMW M3 will also include this striking design and functional feature. The CFRP roof brings weight savings of five kilograms in the case of the BMW M3 Sedan and more than six in the case of the BMW M4 Coupe. It also lowers the vehicle’s centre of gravity, which has a positive impact on driving dynamics. On the M4 Coupe, the contoured roofline with the central Gurney bubble continues into the boot lid, and emphasises the even sportier personality of the new model. The newly developed boot lid of this model not only provides extremely effective tail end styling but at the same time its geometry is precisely tailored for optimised aerodynamics, while the use of carbon fibre and plastics provides additional weight savings. The new BMW M3 Sedan and new BMW M4 Coupe also feature a CFRP propeller shaft. CFRP’s high rigidity and low weight mean that the drive shaft can be produced as a single-piece component without a centre bearing. This provides 40 per cent weight savings over the previous model, and the reduction in rotating masses results in sharper throttle response. The use of carbon in these models is a reminder that BMW is a global leader in high- strength, lightweight CFRP construction, and that it was BMW who brought out the first mass-production vehicle with a body consisting entirely of this material – the innovative BMW i3. The CFRP strut brace in the engine compartment is a further example of how all weight-saving measures on these vehicles have also been tailored to the improvement of driving dynamics. Weighing only 1.5 kilograms, the strut brace offers superior rigidity to a comparable aluminium component, and plays a key part in the excellent steering response and precision of both vehicles. 5. DTM support for the development process: Testing at the Nürburgring with Bruno Spengler and Timo Glock. In the development of the new BMW M3 Sedan and new BMW M4 Coupe, the BMW M engineers could count not only on track-honed technologies, but also on the driving talent of experienced racers. For example, BMW works drivers Bruno Spengler and Timo Glock took part in extensive testing and set- up runs on the Nürburgring-Nordschleife circuit, focusing on assessment of the cars’ suspension, tyres and all elements of the powertrain. After taking the prototypes for a run-out over the legendary and highly demanding circuit, the two professional racing drivers were able to give the BMW M development team some valuable feedback. “I’m proud to have made a contribution to the set-up work on these two cars,” explained reigning DTM champion Spengler. “The development work may not be totally completed yet, but the driving experience is already sensational. The suspension has a very sporty set-up, the feedback from the front axle is extremely direct and the grip at the rear axle is phenomenal. The engine is impressive, too. The power is right there, even at low rpm, and you can sense that you’ll be able to access the output and torque over an extremely wide rev band. I’m looking forward to driving the cars again, but I’m even more excited about driving my first laps in a BMW M4 DTM.” Timo Glock was similarly impressed: “These two cars are capable of generating quite incredible centrifugal forces,” reported the ex-Formula One driver.  <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp69XT2sqTsm3iNzV25WUnZ5g_Bf2Gv0IbWMr8CKFKXy3AVuEJQD6RIGSnKquwc-nMHqeGPTbGohs7H_KQmFOfaxBr8nYWi5IrPGOT7Uv7Dcn3A8ZwADRlwQE4za8gft22bqgbaCz8sX9D/s1600/P90134415-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="424" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp69XT2sqTsm3iNzV25WUnZ5g_Bf2Gv0IbWMr8CKFKXy3AVuEJQD6RIGSnKquwc-nMHqeGPTbGohs7H_KQmFOfaxBr8nYWi5IrPGOT7Uv7Dcn3A8ZwADRlwQE4za8gft22bqgbaCz8sX9D/s640/P90134415-highRes.jpg" height="640" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRT8PHllMt-lnVfOzwwXq5EalCNSDr4yMZX_PqJUJI8mktkPGpqIZgtnFnCbxuG6PeDOeE0VpSnuI6tX0BYQbZg-xPf6MV548nG16HpwMDFoKzjrjA8uCDgltn3Ckf7RwyGVC7xjBFqIV9/s1600/P90134416-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRT8PHllMt-lnVfOzwwXq5EalCNSDr4yMZX_PqJUJI8mktkPGpqIZgtnFnCbxuG6PeDOeE0VpSnuI6tX0BYQbZg-xPf6MV548nG16HpwMDFoKzjrjA8uCDgltn3Ckf7RwyGVC7xjBFqIV9/s640/P90134416-highRes.jpg" height="134" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsI7u2sphf43jXeMvkYi-L6A79OJWTpsHlZgZMABJLEL0H7BsKCSI0AP60DVkf-qFFBP5ftd2beJt2NEBepVIbXyrCJx-_gmelbCSToZb0darOkTuwQ89OlV_CQT2sSonQ8pb9n8bgjP0a/s1600/P90134418-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsI7u2sphf43jXeMvkYi-L6A79OJWTpsHlZgZMABJLEL0H7BsKCSI0AP60DVkf-qFFBP5ftd2beJt2NEBepVIbXyrCJx-_gmelbCSToZb0darOkTuwQ89OlV_CQT2sSonQ8pb9n8bgjP0a/s640/P90134418-highRes.jpg" height="320" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHMv2z_HcvyIsuqE_IjwzCCL0c7zj1pi2IAVocgyjkFHDEs3YJTaVdvQMAvRxe9-h5wB_WKNTu_zCoQBMEEWODKGeBacI-vDdTZXTBxzPLPtD9r0CvRXbjWbdnf-5ujoH60TWL0_5uP5-h/s1600/P90134417-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHMv2z_HcvyIsuqE_IjwzCCL0c7zj1pi2IAVocgyjkFHDEs3YJTaVdvQMAvRxe9-h5wB_WKNTu_zCoQBMEEWODKGeBacI-vDdTZXTBxzPLPtD9r0CvRXbjWbdnf-5ujoH60TWL0_5uP5-h/s640/P90134417-highRes.jpg" height="278" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9StCOrqeKZVeKB7XS0yssgHokq0vvY3BiX8dKB3r_ojlB9jSrUYTs9QrCMWKFZqJ9Xb6bDYj4v-GbfPlJduXiwYgFUgMfrcjMNqTdsbngTDgyLaST4SATSgRNZHQ-IJqzYWhGrYP3ZxpK/s1600/P90134419-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9StCOrqeKZVeKB7XS0yssgHokq0vvY3BiX8dKB3r_ojlB9jSrUYTs9QrCMWKFZqJ9Xb6bDYj4v-GbfPlJduXiwYgFUgMfrcjMNqTdsbngTDgyLaST4SATSgRNZHQ-IJqzYWhGrYP3ZxpK/s640/P90134419-highRes.jpg" height="268" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk5IxPeuhyJi5sIE2226wCkuKtZrBI-lXmLrP6HdwDDFTpuGLWJXjyDvbWQuJAanslYCGgzmXHN7SlheWny_4i7xXO8b-uBxSQhA005kHzWEGWckSV7v5X1uh07XYVtNhTeu9L_pz1GdbR/s1600/P90134421-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk5IxPeuhyJi5sIE2226wCkuKtZrBI-lXmLrP6HdwDDFTpuGLWJXjyDvbWQuJAanslYCGgzmXHN7SlheWny_4i7xXO8b-uBxSQhA005kHzWEGWckSV7v5X1uh07XYVtNhTeu9L_pz1GdbR/s640/P90134421-highRes.jpg" height="392" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMEULXnxfIYtDCIJmzsaOCV0PZYJ8hyphenhyphen3-iCHeUjIv6SbEwyMadezd6Rf_eMXvPJLg5CGk1aIkRJyIm4r9sarsF0O_hlMbLUI9Og08CpDLGPJuQhusALmkIk1woJ3ObnONAraGZI4UsinD5/s1600/P90134422-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMEULXnxfIYtDCIJmzsaOCV0PZYJ8hyphenhyphen3-iCHeUjIv6SbEwyMadezd6Rf_eMXvPJLg5CGk1aIkRJyIm4r9sarsF0O_hlMbLUI9Og08CpDLGPJuQhusALmkIk1woJ3ObnONAraGZI4UsinD5/s640/P90134422-highRes.jpg" height="290" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjD-Xt-XNcObZKmBRUSKgApeDRPskD8Q6q9GSlC6QmUniDa6KAS3pOsTHWSWYJlDYIZkkZ61a2wcil8Q_eTYlWvQ2Nz7OWCKyCzuY0hUbKJg9DV6cchkae04kWVkNbnA7eYs9SQxsbp-Ua/s1600/P90134426-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjD-Xt-XNcObZKmBRUSKgApeDRPskD8Q6q9GSlC6QmUniDa6KAS3pOsTHWSWYJlDYIZkkZ61a2wcil8Q_eTYlWvQ2Nz7OWCKyCzuY0hUbKJg9DV6cchkae04kWVkNbnA7eYs9SQxsbp-Ua/s640/P90134426-highRes.jpg" height="552" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi55OtgI3rKO4EN4TdoYCa66OuExa2oMdr1qrW_G9l4bfPISNwDMWXB46wKdUom-MO8FjNGHTzl8ZPbFmLGT2XDNGhdoVJiE94HesaNmJJw78IZk1_Cr9zGdvCYscWK93dJb5cCUS2E5XBq/s1600/P90134425-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi55OtgI3rKO4EN4TdoYCa66OuExa2oMdr1qrW_G9l4bfPISNwDMWXB46wKdUom-MO8FjNGHTzl8ZPbFmLGT2XDNGhdoVJiE94HesaNmJJw78IZk1_Cr9zGdvCYscWK93dJb5cCUS2E5XBq/s640/P90134425-highRes.jpg" height="526" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKf9pbFug5yiG9uOnqgs53q53VPlXDrKk5QGVGCHek4SeLsWwthX2nAXNtm9KRMd6grihq9QlqhXenoBok5iFL34s_zUOGZOaJAQH9_jp2C4JCxmb4p243lkzSvYCepRx-NmVWwkwwyssN/s1600/P90134424-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKf9pbFug5yiG9uOnqgs53q53VPlXDrKk5QGVGCHek4SeLsWwthX2nAXNtm9KRMd6grihq9QlqhXenoBok5iFL34s_zUOGZOaJAQH9_jp2C4JCxmb4p243lkzSvYCepRx-NmVWwkwwyssN/s640/P90134424-highRes.jpg" height="264" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio69yfhblTX_AR9qHErDDNa80A6AKFJvIwVluMogpFvENBoMRc_vLG-qys9rJJdNpqRwoq5PIU8LmolBhdfHjOO84ijEiZ-Wsx_cg3MRJn6yLukKv6o8dLn0WMx5743439MgEQh5KtafzY/s1600/P90134423-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio69yfhblTX_AR9qHErDDNa80A6AKFJvIwVluMogpFvENBoMRc_vLG-qys9rJJdNpqRwoq5PIU8LmolBhdfHjOO84ijEiZ-Wsx_cg3MRJn6yLukKv6o8dLn0WMx5743439MgEQh5KtafzY/s640/P90134423-highRes.jpg" height="422" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7H4cx_J7xYi-Jq_dpMwpZZYjh9UKiGZSOp6WTQ2xAD6fuWq5yyrb1NH-WaD1OT02br8uMdi335tCZdzS4jHMYkcOrbBtPrk7K6Vb1rmqpMQa-RCYspE1kT2DLH_fA74k2AU68-E3AAYMI/s1600/P90134427-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7H4cx_J7xYi-Jq_dpMwpZZYjh9UKiGZSOp6WTQ2xAD6fuWq5yyrb1NH-WaD1OT02br8uMdi335tCZdzS4jHMYkcOrbBtPrk7K6Vb1rmqpMQa-RCYspE1kT2DLH_fA74k2AU68-E3AAYMI/s640/P90134427-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhna_w-GoSSC1ZQhwbsh7SHPWrbPY6SNHQsAT0V4Wce-DX32SdWMZGdb5oTIjGorKH1dZQtmStsUi4lLoEU6EbdTUOM5zislvz4DttuL2ZnXhlKswnkz8Htn_RWvrEuswCTFVUNPozvQr9K/s1600/P90134431-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhna_w-GoSSC1ZQhwbsh7SHPWrbPY6SNHQsAT0V4Wce-DX32SdWMZGdb5oTIjGorKH1dZQtmStsUi4lLoEU6EbdTUOM5zislvz4DttuL2ZnXhlKswnkz8Htn_RWvrEuswCTFVUNPozvQr9K/s640/P90134431-highRes.jpg" height="408" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLMLs6xfM0qP9K-XGn53n_lGALX4G2YZ1upeGwP5dfI2p9W5qZOpX2LJrWafeLgzoPZF1BhkJ-_A7d871l64JVcEWXSwdYlakKz1SqK114_DWqHxh3k7EPnjr7n3rNcdEfUJRkccJKsLeh/s1600/P90134434-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLMLs6xfM0qP9K-XGn53n_lGALX4G2YZ1upeGwP5dfI2p9W5qZOpX2LJrWafeLgzoPZF1BhkJ-_A7d871l64JVcEWXSwdYlakKz1SqK114_DWqHxh3k7EPnjr7n3rNcdEfUJRkccJKsLeh/s640/P90134434-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitUia_QI9q4zR7CnKlLZCRF0KPqLb-u7QK0d0enp7Z1sCQSYdnO_xXYL7w4trX_tfRh0baOs4PU6H-p2LgdlaxbuiELjwFSMXvz5xgnTRoMTnq9laXVvNS8fphzSlB2OQtlFSh0bQx1DVM/s1600/P90134433-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitUia_QI9q4zR7CnKlLZCRF0KPqLb-u7QK0d0enp7Z1sCQSYdnO_xXYL7w4trX_tfRh0baOs4PU6H-p2LgdlaxbuiELjwFSMXvz5xgnTRoMTnq9laXVvNS8fphzSlB2OQtlFSh0bQx1DVM/s640/P90134433-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi65w0SKLuPt3-skpmez8t9vUS695qcHDdtnPwP-7GCq2Sk_8s08q-8AAFFAMaQZOVvLj3gplkw-iyWApLLh-SdZVi_w_uK9cX_zScOLnOShbZPA3WM7oijXgYw3PzhpzB2gWYmZTIkouQY/s1600/P90134432-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="442" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi65w0SKLuPt3-skpmez8t9vUS695qcHDdtnPwP-7GCq2Sk_8s08q-8AAFFAMaQZOVvLj3gplkw-iyWApLLh-SdZVi_w_uK9cX_zScOLnOShbZPA3WM7oijXgYw3PzhpzB2gWYmZTIkouQY/s640/P90134432-highRes.jpg" height="640" border="0" /></a></div> SPEC. SHEET ENGINE <ul><li>Inline 6 cylinder engine with two mono-scroll turbochargers<ul><li>Direct Injection</li><li>VALVETRONIC</li><li>Double-VANOS</li><li>closed-decked crankcase</li><li>twin-wire arc-spray coating (instead of liners) in cylinder bores reduce engine weight</li></ul></li><li>430 HP (approximately)</li><li>369+ LB-FT (500 Nm)</li><li>Higher than 7500 RPM redline</li></ul> TURBOS <ul><li>Two mono-scroll turbochargers</li><li>Impulse charging for optimized responsiveness</li><li>Flow-enhanced manifolds</li><li>Electric wastegate actuator</li></ul> COOLING <ul><li>Double-flow oil recirculation pumps</li><li>Turbocharger suction system</li><li>Main radiator plus additional radiators for the high- and low-temperature circuits, turbocharger and transmission,</li><li>Large indirect intercooler</li><li>Low-weight magnesium oil sump</li><li>Temperature-stabilizing electric water pump</li></ul> WEIGHT <ul><li>Under 3,306 lb (1500kg) weight (no mention if this is curb weight and no specifics provided as to what equipment included/not included in figure)<ul><li>compare to E46 M3 at ~3,400 lb curb weight</li><li>compare to E92 M3 at ~3,600 lb curb weight</li><li>compare to C63 AMG at ~3,900 lb curb weight</li><li>compare to RS5 at ~4,000 lb curb weight</li></ul></li><li>~ 7.68 lb/hp power to weight <ul><li>compare to E92 M3 at 8.7</li><li>compare to C63 AMG at 8.7</li><li>compare to RS5 at 9.0</li><li>compare to E46 M3 at 10.25</li></ul></li><li>Fuel consumption and emissions reduction of 25%</li></ul> CARBON FIBER CONSTRUCTION <ul><li>CFRP drive shaft<ul><li>40% weight savings over previous M3</li><li>increased stiffness</li><li>reduced rotating mass for better acceleration and throttle response</li></ul></li><li>CFRP roof for both M3 and M4<ul><li>saves 11 pounds (5kg) on M3</li><li>saves more than 13.2 pounds (6kg) on M4</li></ul></li><li>CFRP roof bow</li><li>Carbon fiber trunk for M4 (11 pounds (5kg) weight savings)</li><li>CFRP front strut brace standard (weighs just 3.3 pounds (1.5 kg))</li></ul> TRANSMISSION <ul><li>Standard 6 speed manual transmission <ul><li>automatic throttle blips on downshift</li><li>more compact and quieter than predecessor E90/E92 M3 6 speed</li><li>26.4 pounds (12kg) lighter</li><li>carbon fiber friction linings in synchroniser rings</li><li>dry sump lubrication</li></ul></li><li>Optional 7 speed M DCT (double clutch transmission) with launch control</li><li>Active M Differential (with constantly variable locking a la M5/M6)</li><li>Forged crankshaft</li></ul> STEERING <ul><li>Electric power steering specially tuned for M3/M4</li><li>Servotronic function electronically adjusts the level of steering assistance</li><li>Three modes: Comfort, Sport, Sport+</li></ul> SUSPENSION / CHASSIS <ul><li>Optional Adaptive M suspension (with Comfort, Sport, Sport+ modes)</li><li>CFRP front strut brace</li><li>Double-joint spring strut front axle (saves 11 pounds)</li><li>New five-link rear axle made from forged aluminum (saves 6.6 pounds)</li><li>Aluminum suspension</li><li>Aluminium stiffening plate</li><li>Rear axle subframe fixed directly to body (bolted joints between the axle subframe and the body sills, without use of elastic rubber elements).</li></ul> WHEELS / BRAKES <ul><li>Lightweight forged wheels standard</li><li>Staggered tire sizes</li><li>M compound brakes standard (in blue)</li><li>M carbon ceramic brakes optional (in gold)</li></ul> EXHAUST <ul><li>Exhaust features electrically controlled flaps just before rear silencer to minimize exhaust back-pressure as well as giving precise feedback on engine load.</li></ul> AERO <ul><li>50:50 weight distribution</li><li>Air Curtain</li><li>M gills with integrated Air Breather behind front wheels</li></ul> MISC <ul><li>M3 and M4 to be introduced together (at Detroit NAIAS 2013 in January).</li><li>M3 and M4 developed with help of BMW race car drivers Bruno Spengler and Timo Glock's participation in extensive testing and set- up runs on the Nürburgring-Nordschleife circuit, focusing on assessment of the cars’ suspension, tyres and all elements of the powertrain.</li></ul></div>

New BMW M3 Sedan, BMW M4 Coupe Official Specs.

The launch of the new BMW M3 Sedan and new BMW M4 Coupe sees BMW M GmbH revealing an all-new interpretation of the high-performance sports ...

3:58 PM

The Official BMW i8 Released (Gallery and Press Release)

<div trbidi="on" style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr">BMW i stands for the creation of pure-bred vehicle concepts, sustainability throughout the value chain, complementary mobility services and a fresh understanding of premium defined squarely in terms of sustainability. And now the BMW Group can unveil the BMW i8 – a new, cutting-edge generation of sports car. The second model unveiled by the new BMW i brand combines a plug-in hybrid drive system with a passenger cell made from carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and an aluminum frame for the combustion engine and electric motor, the battery pack and the suspension. With this revolutionary concept and the emotional appeal of its aerodynamically optimized body design, the 2+2-seater – which was conceived from the outset as a plug-in hybrid – paves the way for an engagingly dynamic and futuristically efficient take on BMW’s hallmark driving pleasure. By cementing the brand’s new premium character, strongly defined by sustainability, in the sports car segment, the new i8 also demonstrates the broad spread and universal appeal of the BMW i philosophy. (Continue Reading Press Release + HD Wallpaper Gallery + 4 New Videos!) <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioCcfv4_Ye3H2YkS9uldaApC082K6ApIm_J9glrZzRqZzxvTcPeyanc0D0Ix6AlYi4iL7t4OZdF4k-Et04P4QAHswfQUob-XCryLMGXOEJxCAa2gEHcM5iH1FXIPykRb4go2ATTJoQvCLt/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-12.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioCcfv4_Ye3H2YkS9uldaApC082K6ApIm_J9glrZzRqZzxvTcPeyanc0D0Ix6AlYi4iL7t4OZdF4k-Et04P4QAHswfQUob-XCryLMGXOEJxCAa2gEHcM5iH1FXIPykRb4go2ATTJoQvCLt/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-12.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <a name='more'></a> The research and development activities carried out by the BMW Group since 2007 as part of its project i initiative have laid the groundwork for a visionary car conceived with the impact of environmental, economic and social change around the world very much in mind. Alongside its conceptual and technological development work, the company has also conducted field studies looking at the use of pure-electric vehicles in everyday conditions. More than 1,000 people have taken part in the studies, racking up in excess of 32 million kilometers (20 million miles) at the wheel. The knowledge gained as a result has been channeled into the creation of innovative vehicle concepts and mobility solutions. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWMj_bd7r1TzA8X5aJRq7QOt9BixCDy67P4Ogx-EOmF4p8o4Tpitk0i2C3L4OKwC0cqRxBdv0FTSCLjdiAa9meVXvswlsefAfP0eojxaJeVt1orgrI8iqEz0hk5IXurFpTYugiQZgES_5D/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWMj_bd7r1TzA8X5aJRq7QOt9BixCDy67P4Ogx-EOmF4p8o4Tpitk0i2C3L4OKwC0cqRxBdv0FTSCLjdiAa9meVXvswlsefAfP0eojxaJeVt1orgrI8iqEz0hk5IXurFpTYugiQZgES_5D/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-1.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie_mibRUEvhgr24bq05YBtheHwBG3OcW0sncg5XYv8t0QTOas9snx-aKwNMjbCVSIopQMZ48OM6pnUM0maxJbpIOexzXeoJ81HmiT3C5VSiGNGupK6i2L_Oc1JE9YHpLkSR77LGU7rbPNf/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie_mibRUEvhgr24bq05YBtheHwBG3OcW0sncg5XYv8t0QTOas9snx-aKwNMjbCVSIopQMZ48OM6pnUM0maxJbpIOexzXeoJ81HmiT3C5VSiGNGupK6i2L_Oc1JE9YHpLkSR77LGU7rbPNf/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-2.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeqipijL8kj_mbdWrc0Ld-aOJ1fjQuuDe13-h_hP52dzaBQFRq3V3AbTIgBBDYwHku9aHc_i0KsYrtRSPc_MNMWp1Whxogq6DgUOFHiHHDyG6PgJ-WBKXAiTI7UdWRGuA_n9C2Y_Y8Vtfh/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-17.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeqipijL8kj_mbdWrc0Ld-aOJ1fjQuuDe13-h_hP52dzaBQFRq3V3AbTIgBBDYwHku9aHc_i0KsYrtRSPc_MNMWp1Whxogq6DgUOFHiHHDyG6PgJ-WBKXAiTI7UdWRGuA_n9C2Y_Y8Vtfh/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-17.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> Breaking new ground: premium cars underpinned by sustainability-led concepts arrive in the sports car segment.   The development of BMW i cars follows a revolutionary approach, a strategy focusing on the creation of premium cars purpose-designed to be powered by purely electric or plug- in hybrid drive systems. This electric drive technology (packaged under the BMW eDrive banner) is therefore a central component of the vehicle concept – in contrast to the “conversion” model, where vehicles are retrofitted with electric drive systems. Characteristic BMW driving dynamics coupled with emission-free mobility, precise energy flow management, pioneering design, intelligent lightweight construction and production processes that preserve energy and resources come together to mutually complementary effect to form the innovative, sustainability-led premium character of BMW i cars. The BMW i8 was conceived from the ground up as a plug-in hybrid sports car boasting agile performance attributes and extraordinary efficiency. Its LifeDrive architecture – developed specifically for BMW i – offers the ideal platform for a weight-minimizing construction, low center of gravity and even weight distribution. The combustion engine and electric motor, battery pack, power electronics, chassis components, and structural and crash functions are all arranged within the aluminum Drive module, while the central element of the Life module is the i8’s CFRP passenger cell. This structure also allows a considerable degree of design freedom, which has been utilized – within the framework of the design language developed for BMW i – to give the BMW i8 its distinctive appearance. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhchmcE97EQCuyJjD3w4UfGFc-HCxJl2N7IYBDcdlM5Je7RRURGbv3erf3iq_8YdKrGKUUkxZDrjE4r4-uz3Sh4ooWAK5eG7hFzL6OFVYkDRO71Va7amMl3LbA1yH4EzreLoa02PL3nN0mp/s1600/P90131412_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhchmcE97EQCuyJjD3w4UfGFc-HCxJl2N7IYBDcdlM5Je7RRURGbv3erf3iq_8YdKrGKUUkxZDrjE4r4-uz3Sh4ooWAK5eG7hFzL6OFVYkDRO71Va7amMl3LbA1yH4EzreLoa02PL3nN0mp/s640/P90131412_highRes.jpg" height="478" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTrO0A3a-tML-Lm9F1LzuOGHplb3StmXRIyeMpbHPdsa6Hn5NOYo118tiR_pfPKF5m1Tffz0ri5cTjrCSZL0ug5QvIwoKPpEvEWjb0MsNow1iggIaIThWs4iTyYEuudtUTD7DHfjuifMpv/s1600/P90131413_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTrO0A3a-tML-Lm9F1LzuOGHplb3StmXRIyeMpbHPdsa6Hn5NOYo118tiR_pfPKF5m1Tffz0ri5cTjrCSZL0ug5QvIwoKPpEvEWjb0MsNow1iggIaIThWs4iTyYEuudtUTD7DHfjuifMpv/s640/P90131413_highRes.jpg" height="478" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXLtzNOzFLlUEDuu9ax5sIdJk7-dhOicONmi15KS1bs-r3o1BbRjTb76gEfb_veFzMJzMxTfR2_2UWqKbpPoTamf-FuOUGkg5K0v09IDoPKCscrGYvAtayNeZQEJeXxwPbDs7NUEctWRpy/s1600/P90131414_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXLtzNOzFLlUEDuu9ax5sIdJk7-dhOicONmi15KS1bs-r3o1BbRjTb76gEfb_veFzMJzMxTfR2_2UWqKbpPoTamf-FuOUGkg5K0v09IDoPKCscrGYvAtayNeZQEJeXxwPbDs7NUEctWRpy/s640/P90131414_highRes.jpg" height="478" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCaRlQQ_4H9bBffkMbpFL5dsb7pghur-nwzp2VfYLDOtc-Jtcmhu9Os6t0K6h-bnC56Aabcq0ssi1MyTHCYWJtd-CYstXqLD2XXHE4SLR1qDzPemiTFYYiX20jsDZ7B4TckgwnNMf9eaaV/s1600/P90131415_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCaRlQQ_4H9bBffkMbpFL5dsb7pghur-nwzp2VfYLDOtc-Jtcmhu9Os6t0K6h-bnC56Aabcq0ssi1MyTHCYWJtd-CYstXqLD2XXHE4SLR1qDzPemiTFYYiX20jsDZ7B4TckgwnNMf9eaaV/s640/P90131415_highRes.jpg" height="478" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzAGSRyfW4eeIYmbv5UQZdu9obREG4os2USE0NfHpIsD38Kwp5LueA0mV5ejTv2jrsZFT1ylPfPA3sViZzbpXY0mUfdWlCdwNTPH56yUSlcRuussrzAF-_MF34yvIo1cLk7gmzZDPK3CoN/s1600/P90131416_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzAGSRyfW4eeIYmbv5UQZdu9obREG4os2USE0NfHpIsD38Kwp5LueA0mV5ejTv2jrsZFT1ylPfPA3sViZzbpXY0mUfdWlCdwNTPH56yUSlcRuussrzAF-_MF34yvIo1cLk7gmzZDPK3CoN/s640/P90131416_highRes.jpg" height="478" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfnoY5kIOralfn8GD17OOUJ3QcDOZuqJ-l-D8WZJU6I5SlTGZh_EuU8XmWEQ0_p4xNqK-OHdUFfBB51yLlC2DnTgn_9DyhoSAhe6tc3XlFDT9jCrogbABvOFBig1PsvG-5sGcBR94DIG34/s1600/P90131418_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfnoY5kIOralfn8GD17OOUJ3QcDOZuqJ-l-D8WZJU6I5SlTGZh_EuU8XmWEQ0_p4xNqK-OHdUFfBB51yLlC2DnTgn_9DyhoSAhe6tc3XlFDT9jCrogbABvOFBig1PsvG-5sGcBR94DIG34/s640/P90131418_highRes.jpg" height="478" border="0" /></a></div> The perfect balance of performance and fuel consumption: the BMW i8 represents an exciting new landmark in Efficient Dynamics. The BMW i8 offers a revolutionary and future-focused interpretation of BMW’s signature driving pleasure – and in so doing, makes its case as the world’s most progressive model in the sports car segment. The plug-in hybrid drive system developed and manufactured by the BMW Group especially for the BMW i8 represents a new stage of evolution in the Efficient Dynamics development strategy. The BMW Group launched Efficient Dynamics over a decade ago with the aim of significantly enhancing the performance characteristics and efficiency of every new BMW Group model. Efficient Dynamics incorporates both the evolution of existing technology and the use of revolutionary new drive system concepts. For example, efficient vehicle concepts focusing on lightweight design and aerodynamics, dynamic drive systems featuring both BMW TwinPower Turbo technology and BMW eDrive, and intelligent management of energy consumption within the vehicle are applied in various current BMW models. BMW i cars benefit from the introduction of revolutionary new technology which subsequently finds its way into the models produced by the core brands of the BMW Group. As a world-leading supplier of premium cars and, increasingly, also premium services, the BMW Group is playing an active and defining role in the changing face of personal mobility. And awareness of issues such as resource scarcity, climate change and creeping urbanization is also growing among the public. The BMW Group’s commitment to sustainability has long been a key element of its corporate strategy and is one of the fundamental principles enforced throughout the company’s value chain, as independent studies have regularly confirmed. The BMW Group has been named the “world’s most sustainable automobile manufacturer” in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index for eight consecutive years. BMW i8: the trailblazer for a new generation of sports car. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkN8enzJwAELSgGrcwnQ2qpv1WxPMcBxrFXOZUyS09Gs8F_TVBolLHHPgFu9HtCvg8ScsZLNHQOEO6sXTSsYm3-ijB_hJrJ4TJOLqkltx85ImDLu1GItcJX16Fv5MAfjbWj5XPCuAXyVdU/s1600/P90133073-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkN8enzJwAELSgGrcwnQ2qpv1WxPMcBxrFXOZUyS09Gs8F_TVBolLHHPgFu9HtCvg8ScsZLNHQOEO6sXTSsYm3-ijB_hJrJ4TJOLqkltx85ImDLu1GItcJX16Fv5MAfjbWj5XPCuAXyVdU/s640/P90133073-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAqSuns041VZerYEBFZdksqfuIEQ2X1mjZJ6YFpS1fG9FLFi3pHktLEjf1WsKXFy1dscZ6Acluej8ciDZctK28uGsKGVPwW_-WQ1oXEdItzUYFxAAp9dB3TXpxieplog_YCSjEdRZzKHoJ/s1600/P90133075-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAqSuns041VZerYEBFZdksqfuIEQ2X1mjZJ6YFpS1fG9FLFi3pHktLEjf1WsKXFy1dscZ6Acluej8ciDZctK28uGsKGVPwW_-WQ1oXEdItzUYFxAAp9dB3TXpxieplog_YCSjEdRZzKHoJ/s640/P90133075-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1NgZ446y2AZgCihTehhGPFuAjtcJxfnv-R82zQdh5dWxmwCXtErDyzWWkFayUXKgltf6OyBL2dwL1Gsvxcs2emNlq4u0Fb-wwj-pSRBwnyExSlI4fD3ZEel_yw5YVM3NYtmPdUB8M3yNS/s1600/P90133076-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1NgZ446y2AZgCihTehhGPFuAjtcJxfnv-R82zQdh5dWxmwCXtErDyzWWkFayUXKgltf6OyBL2dwL1Gsvxcs2emNlq4u0Fb-wwj-pSRBwnyExSlI4fD3ZEel_yw5YVM3NYtmPdUB8M3yNS/s640/P90133076-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLGqX5Jf_E1AyJhqn082bDCS_s7xOq4dysGJtd89643L6CCiFO3FPOgLoeMOqtCTuvsYHJoAz7JtQCv6IdQNRVaw5BKyRkyZPsD9z5OAPytWjG5fxQxS5d7mowpegltkXbVfAAHd29JQlu/s1600/P90133077-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLGqX5Jf_E1AyJhqn082bDCS_s7xOq4dysGJtd89643L6CCiFO3FPOgLoeMOqtCTuvsYHJoAz7JtQCv6IdQNRVaw5BKyRkyZPsD9z5OAPytWjG5fxQxS5d7mowpegltkXbVfAAHd29JQlu/s640/P90133077-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBp0GRZKSyHDYine4FihieTHNAAYKPtv_DJ-mb8s3xxLWJUiq1ZZwWz0klFEJi3cCSq8cZ59LsbwYgfi-2J88hk1x72F7NrqBjzWS5RuiDuZeajphtdBFLpNo64lKiFsFWEex6V7n3jeBG/s1600/P90133078-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBp0GRZKSyHDYine4FihieTHNAAYKPtv_DJ-mb8s3xxLWJUiq1ZZwWz0klFEJi3cCSq8cZ59LsbwYgfi-2J88hk1x72F7NrqBjzWS5RuiDuZeajphtdBFLpNo64lKiFsFWEex6V7n3jeBG/s640/P90133078-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjfVHFakOXOMhs1P2L9yby8Ju_l9gWqcnk3kxd_CCxfa0evgXMNc-GY8yuYRkcMu4eMELO9AM4g3TNaanQQnhj9Xks0FkKQ-0braLHyv9-rrbhGm34Mz7m6tKiFgOQ10TOFVaEvZsV7aJX/s1600/P90133079-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjfVHFakOXOMhs1P2L9yby8Ju_l9gWqcnk3kxd_CCxfa0evgXMNc-GY8yuYRkcMu4eMELO9AM4g3TNaanQQnhj9Xks0FkKQ-0braLHyv9-rrbhGm34Mz7m6tKiFgOQ10TOFVaEvZsV7aJX/s640/P90133079-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjmfB6cTa1GGZtkm7fCr_AApPrcksIlY3ZhAbHckGdae0LzID6CtbAsV4R4hiekGm1qOaAMwCqjoESSaWE2FicNGRvAtvfRLLh4qZSME7HpFyPp_SXssdy2Uwxp_-sO5AwKMoKSCtXV84i/s1600/P90133081-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjmfB6cTa1GGZtkm7fCr_AApPrcksIlY3ZhAbHckGdae0LzID6CtbAsV4R4hiekGm1qOaAMwCqjoESSaWE2FicNGRvAtvfRLLh4qZSME7HpFyPp_SXssdy2Uwxp_-sO5AwKMoKSCtXV84i/s640/P90133081-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR28JyuJSp2-4_kPq66LE70LKL4xfBeO-IfTl_WTdRA0U2InBNa2zjh7KG4RcIsD49QvYEJMSY52ptJDi7RPhXow_v9Pf_RrITn18xXyCdl8sqK0ZIspzA72HY5b-m17L6eAfMfxPiN2AF/s1600/P90133082-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR28JyuJSp2-4_kPq66LE70LKL4xfBeO-IfTl_WTdRA0U2InBNa2zjh7KG4RcIsD49QvYEJMSY52ptJDi7RPhXow_v9Pf_RrITn18xXyCdl8sqK0ZIspzA72HY5b-m17L6eAfMfxPiN2AF/s640/P90133082-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQko9dWv_iGGucBuV91NApbTYP9He-dYds1fBXSRuFNzjdFhJeP_vsHGEyfxFyb4ALShVfzLojVu7kIo2PS9SxElNdXVAxIh192kl5T-ypP1QZ8Ks5qWP8Y0MlJGeMcmLY1_fvnUuEzZ_e/s1600/P90133083-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQko9dWv_iGGucBuV91NApbTYP9He-dYds1fBXSRuFNzjdFhJeP_vsHGEyfxFyb4ALShVfzLojVu7kIo2PS9SxElNdXVAxIh192kl5T-ypP1QZ8Ks5qWP8Y0MlJGeMcmLY1_fvnUuEzZ_e/s640/P90133083-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggft3zkDpRvqtFokQPdN48IAblmvX3citHSH7UryIJvFMtGqIC5QUzGU_mqd5IKPtvjuzT9t8-kkODhxQxAK72DicdANdwrGGZwRFqYQk5UcuJxXNP7lCNHr2KSjeu2OIqq4mJUM9kpyNO/s1600/P90133084-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggft3zkDpRvqtFokQPdN48IAblmvX3citHSH7UryIJvFMtGqIC5QUzGU_mqd5IKPtvjuzT9t8-kkODhxQxAK72DicdANdwrGGZwRFqYQk5UcuJxXNP7lCNHr2KSjeu2OIqq4mJUM9kpyNO/s640/P90133084-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKajagCOI4Mm72g_AFYfTDN9Tomy4iCPNsRbBbQl5EfWxUa8uJmmNDimfpy99UdPqr-so2clJqrLm2SwBZUKnnPjhKKP7jOasOl64reEl73qllyD2Ba-GOKngnQchBTnUfM9gfKBPCXwlc/s1600/P90133085-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKajagCOI4Mm72g_AFYfTDN9Tomy4iCPNsRbBbQl5EfWxUa8uJmmNDimfpy99UdPqr-so2clJqrLm2SwBZUKnnPjhKKP7jOasOl64reEl73qllyD2Ba-GOKngnQchBTnUfM9gfKBPCXwlc/s640/P90133085-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div>The underlying principle of Efficient Dynamics – more driving pleasure, lower fuel consumption – is expressed with particular purity by the BMW i8. With the performance attributes of a pure-bred sports car and the fuel consumption of a small city model, the first BMW plug-in hybrid vehicle hits heights only attainable through the revolutionary BMW i vehicle concept. And that makes the BMW i8 a trailblazer for a new generation of sports cars, defined not only by their performance characteristics but also by intelligent solutions to the challenges personal mobility will encounter over the years ahead. Thanks to its revolutionary vehicle concept and intelligent drive system management, the BMW i8 strikes the optimum balance between dynamic ability and efficiency in a variety of driving situations. The output of the engine and electric motor, the capacity of the high-voltage battery, intelligent energy management and the vehicle’s overall weight are tailored to form a precisely composed package that defines the unique character of the plug-in hybrid sports car. Its all-electric driving range is sufficient to cover most urban driving requirements, and out of town, the BMW i8 offers impressively sporty performance which is also very efficient thanks to the power-boosting support for the gasoline engine from the electric motor. Efficiency and driving dynamics alike are optimized by the broad application of lightweight design – from the CFRP passenger cell to the weight-reduced construction of all other components – and mobility services developed specially for BMW i. The all- encompassing approach of the BMW i brand also includes the extensive use of recycled materials, renewable raw materials and naturally treated materials, alongside extremely resource-efficient production methods. This overall concept makes the BMW i8 the world’s most forward-looking sports car. It brings together thrilling performance and progressive efficiency. In the process it boosts driving pleasure and sustainability awareness in equal measure. Sustainability: the reference point for the entire development process. As part of the development of BMW i cars, sustainability targets are established and then pursued with the same vigor as cost, weight or quality objectives. This all-embracing approach is reflected both in the selection of materials and in the construction and manufacturing processes, which differ substantially from conventional manufacturing methods in the automotive industry. The low overall weight of the BMW i8 (3,285 lbs/1,490 kilograms) can be credited primarily to a passenger cell made from CFRP. Although it lends a component at least equal rigidity, this extremely lightweight high-tech material is 50 percent lighter than steel and 30 percent lighter than aluminum. The principle of intelligent lightweight design is applied to all the car’s components. The doors are made up of a CFRP inner structure and an aluminum outer skin and weigh 50 percent less than a conventional construction. The intelligent construction of the magnesium instrument panel support brings a weight saving of around 30 percent compared with the BMW 6 Series, for example. In addition, the high structural rigidity of the magnesium support structure gives it a strengthening effect which allows the number of components to be reduced, thereby lowering weight by a further 10 percent. Innovative foam plastic technology used in the air conditioning ducts cuts their weight by 60 percent compared with a conventional solution, while also improving acoustics thanks to its sound-absorbing properties. The fact that the power electronics and electric motor are directly connected reduces the amount of wiring required, while partial use of aluminum wiring enables further weight reductions. The BMW i8 is also the world’s first volume-produced vehicle to be equipped with chemically hardened thin glass. This innovative technology, so far used mainly in smartphone manufacturing, lends the material impressive strength. The partition between the passenger compartment and boot of the BMW i8 consists of two layers of chemically hardened glass, each of which is just 0.7 millimeters thick, with acoustic sheeting sandwiched in between. In addition to excellent acoustic properties, a further advantage of this solution is a weight saving of around 50 percent compared with conventional laminated glass. As well as weight, the potential for preserving resources is a decisive factor in the choice of materials. The majority of the aluminum used in the BMW i8 is either gained through recycling or produced using renewable energy. Added to which, the BMW Group has developed a globally unique recycling concept for CFRP components, body components and segregated production waste recovered from the manufacturing of CFRP components and reusable materials from accident-damaged and end-of-life vehicles which are either fed back into the production process or used for other applications. The BMW Group is the world’s first carmaker to employ an environmentally friendly process for the treatment of leather. The leather for the surfaces of the seats and the instrument panel is tanned using olive leaf extract. This avoids the creation of environmentally damaging production residue as well as giving the leather a particularly high-quality and natural look. The cattle hide comes exclusively from Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and the natural treatment process takes place in Germany. This keeps distances to the BMW i8 production facility at BMW Plant Leipzig pleasingly short. The textile materials used in the interior of the BMW i8 for accent strips on the seats and door trim, the roof liner, the floor mats, the body pillar trim and floor covering are made in an innovative recycling process. The polyester granules that serve as the source material are produced from materials including recyclable PET and are combined with 40 percent virgin wool in a special process to create a high-grade cover fabric. The manufacture of the key for the BMW i8 involves another innovative form of raw material production; its casing is made from a biopolymer based on castor beans. The oil gained from the beans is mixed with 30 percent glass fiber to make an extremely high-quality and robust material. Resource-efficient processes from material production to vehicle assembly. The extensive use of CFRP is a central element in the revolutionary vehicle concept underpinning the BMW i8, and the BMW Group is also a leader in this area of the production process. The use of CFRP on the scale required for the BMW i models is without parallel in the automotive industry worldwide. The BMW Group has teamed up with its joint venture partner, the SGL Group, to oversee a factory in the US making carbon fiber. The facility is located in Moses Lake, Washington, and represents an integral link in the value chain for the production of BMW i cars. It secures the BMW Group a supply of the high-quality and sustainably produced basic material required for the manufacture of CFRP components. The carbon fibers produced at Moses Lake are made into lightweight laminates at the Wackersdorf Innovation Park in Germany. These are subsequently turned into CFRP parts and components in the press shops at the BMW plants in Landshut and Leipzig. The energy used to manufacture the carbon fiber at Moses Lake is provided exclusively by locally sourced renewable hydro-electric power, which means it is 100 percent CO2-free. Highly resource-efficient processes have also been put in place for the other stages of production for BMW i brand cars. The result is a reduction of around 50 percent in energy consumption compared with the already highly economical average figures across the BMW Group’s production network and a drop in water consumption of roughly 70 percent. For example, the energy required for production of BMW i cars at the Leipzig plant comes exclusively from wind power – i.e. it is derived entirely from renewable energy sources. This was the first time that wind turbines had been installed at an automotive manufacturing plant in Germany to provide a directly supply of power to its production halls. Design: Vision becomes a reality <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj42jwooDAVPl_F6HgbOffQdlTAHlgBS0ZKCUSdqIIhwcBUU14GGabIW-DyfYBL9vwdkJyFBGsf2SfgLO6vt2WzrGyTCmn9sWIn6LIEKa1Vmjj-gIFJxXe242yvIM6oFG9wag8LHA0oDqka/s1600/P90133049-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj42jwooDAVPl_F6HgbOffQdlTAHlgBS0ZKCUSdqIIhwcBUU14GGabIW-DyfYBL9vwdkJyFBGsf2SfgLO6vt2WzrGyTCmn9sWIn6LIEKa1Vmjj-gIFJxXe242yvIM6oFG9wag8LHA0oDqka/s640/P90133049-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBw8qm3V-jvnUmV2jqlZM-bajuGeRU15VYdpIAWhqmD-5n7fiHN7L7me2C-caWsv3WmY2cSxR97RZ4O7W_mFyekNumOgEkslOjRcSTz5NvpwyJwQh07iYM2KsTPdJ2qHQXqtOfrU1NY5O0/s1600/P90133050-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBw8qm3V-jvnUmV2jqlZM-bajuGeRU15VYdpIAWhqmD-5n7fiHN7L7me2C-caWsv3WmY2cSxR97RZ4O7W_mFyekNumOgEkslOjRcSTz5NvpwyJwQh07iYM2KsTPdJ2qHQXqtOfrU1NY5O0/s640/P90133050-highRes.jpg" height="430" border="0" /></a></div> <a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXIlfqkTgjuKS4WM2K_O-yzAXitPmw-30PrvctrBECOXpgZW6rxXgwEudt5GLRRgGKRx8DQwIxwzL4Zn3zznb3XLNFGTWH2zg6VH9v4IWnZiVI8ROWzFWLj5tcoeJS7WaIGW98GIXUEHza/s1600/P90133051-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXIlfqkTgjuKS4WM2K_O-yzAXitPmw-30PrvctrBECOXpgZW6rxXgwEudt5GLRRgGKRx8DQwIxwzL4Zn3zznb3XLNFGTWH2zg6VH9v4IWnZiVI8ROWzFWLj5tcoeJS7WaIGW98GIXUEHza/s640/P90133051-highRes.jpg" height="470" border="0" /></a>With its ultra-dynamic proportions, elegantly sporty lines, low-slung silhouette and innovative design features, the BMW i8 represents a new generation of sports car. Bringing together hallmark features of the BMW brand with the design language developed especially for BMW i creates a progressive aesthetic which faithfully communicates the performance attributes, efficiency and innovative premium character of the plug-in hybrid sports car. The launch of the BMW i8 sees the world’s first sports car to be developed from the ground up under the banner of sustainability complete its journey from vision to reality. Both the exterior and interior of the emotionally-led 2+2 embody a revolutionary, pioneering take on the The Ultimate Driving Machine. Clean, minimalist lines and homogeneous surfaces defined by a small number of precise edges and function- focused details underline the status of the BMW i8 as the most forward-looking car in its segment. As the second series-produced BMW i model on the road, the BMW i8 also reveals the versatility of the design language which is establishing itself as an unmistakable signature of BMW i cars. Its design signals lightness, safety, efficiency and pure driving pleasure – stand-out qualities that the BMW i8 plug-in hybrid sports car shares with the BMW i3, its pure-electric sibling conceived for agile and comfortable urban driving. The key to this versatility is the innovative LifeDrive architecture, which opens up an exceptional degree of freedom for BMW i design. The central element of the Life module is the carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) passenger cell. The Life module is fixed to the aluminum Drive module, which houses all the drive and chassis technology. This distinctive two-way split is reflected on both the outside and the inside of the car by the visible layering and intertwining of different surfaces, with three-dimensional and flowing transitions between the Life module and Drive module accentuating the dynamic appearance of the BMW i8. A length of 4,689 millimeters (184.6 inches) , width of 1,942 millimeters (76.5 inches) and height of 1,293 millimeters (51 inches) give the BMW i8 typical sports car proportions. Its dynamic character is also reflected in its long bonnet, clearly visible aerodynamic aids, stretched roofline, short overhangs and long, 2,800-millimeter (110.2 inches) wheelbase. The pioneering combination of sporting ability and efficiency is translated into the design of the 2+2-seater with intoxicating élan – and with the signature BMW i design language to the fore. The car’s wide track: 1,644 millimeters (64.8 inches) at the front axle, 1,715 millimeters (67.5 inches) at the rear, completes the powerful dynamic presence generated by the car’s proportions. Exterior design: an aesthetic synthesis of dynamic appeal and pioneering technology. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMeiTt_9HMdLu24B1rJ72TzmewSXQOwKHcnlU6sA9yBuRtEUvwcymrbtwLjLgQNtHWA20zIUmYHJc2IXeJnYYI9JVzi9XfCImy8vLfBqr5ZUusCByvHVmiSW1BVjsGdSNod-6zqK5t3stE/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMeiTt_9HMdLu24B1rJ72TzmewSXQOwKHcnlU6sA9yBuRtEUvwcymrbtwLjLgQNtHWA20zIUmYHJc2IXeJnYYI9JVzi9XfCImy8vLfBqr5ZUusCByvHVmiSW1BVjsGdSNod-6zqK5t3stE/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-4.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMlFbuO5XjRL8Hl7iWmOtflGINBjT_5P-5KuYdAlMkD2341DRcXQNM-1FAutkY_DexLi7xVm_z5STuVH5KKvL1TwjZqLRLBhTe1DUs9M8MOkeJ24koEyPW2nczHHREbrRgDNTzCtt9ZAav/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-5.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMlFbuO5XjRL8Hl7iWmOtflGINBjT_5P-5KuYdAlMkD2341DRcXQNM-1FAutkY_DexLi7xVm_z5STuVH5KKvL1TwjZqLRLBhTe1DUs9M8MOkeJ24koEyPW2nczHHREbrRgDNTzCtt9ZAav/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-5.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjtCRegpvclVqdbf8slFY3Ru2lrbmT_NAKOI30jStHD5feeelG_NxGYzdyL0Sh-DE7buKL1QFKHOurFk9x-A3R0ssVdmYVGjU3LwPR1Q7b20ls07iBpto-WVrqSIOrYburvs2m29rJeKtr/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-6.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjtCRegpvclVqdbf8slFY3Ru2lrbmT_NAKOI30jStHD5feeelG_NxGYzdyL0Sh-DE7buKL1QFKHOurFk9x-A3R0ssVdmYVGjU3LwPR1Q7b20ls07iBpto-WVrqSIOrYburvs2m29rJeKtr/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-6.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRMqFJV0KvntikpUBN9RKGnfd0XjeEEnTpiC4cMCK9v7wDhVirBr5jk3tAW5kbKPCbs068WgYRKJDbdvvEjvBylFoHZWl1GvMYkRqzqFvGuf_MvViApLqKOhTt_3xAT98hmI7PuJmSg5rn/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-7.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRMqFJV0KvntikpUBN9RKGnfd0XjeEEnTpiC4cMCK9v7wDhVirBr5jk3tAW5kbKPCbs068WgYRKJDbdvvEjvBylFoHZWl1GvMYkRqzqFvGuf_MvViApLqKOhTt_3xAT98hmI7PuJmSg5rn/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-7.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeCAaGv2fLJSUqAlVkUQw6YPUBPMY3DRKXlcp870GsnQWjPeCpXJzZ7yMj4_OSvEKdGDR_EhI6q5c8x_4QghgcQ2rgrviLnjLe_GltHSLVs6t72zO8z_qh9tJAsW_iAlwODUgNfZ_JdbLE/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-8.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeCAaGv2fLJSUqAlVkUQw6YPUBPMY3DRKXlcp870GsnQWjPeCpXJzZ7yMj4_OSvEKdGDR_EhI6q5c8x_4QghgcQ2rgrviLnjLe_GltHSLVs6t72zO8z_qh9tJAsW_iAlwODUgNfZ_JdbLE/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-8.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZkbG29rjJj8-K7mpMj3SSBc1L4juJw1hk-GpcYojkMDJnCnFNJNwSUVfEdtKzAQKPMsO6LswhwacBFde_L24sT9ErXU3jlkA0gPIYzR750VkvrP5ca3lbigbZ-Fg95l-UF0ilTD7Q7OI7/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-9.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZkbG29rjJj8-K7mpMj3SSBc1L4juJw1hk-GpcYojkMDJnCnFNJNwSUVfEdtKzAQKPMsO6LswhwacBFde_L24sT9ErXU3jlkA0gPIYzR750VkvrP5ca3lbigbZ-Fg95l-UF0ilTD7Q7OI7/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-9.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-LmuCbVks11PC-RMJ93tNawYSxCaYoBsHYvoiNqJHqqIYWn1aaK0x9rA_QmWnhK1dbYCHB6Y11ygoAhRkuLblqGDCJtnE4JhxB4rIGIoRPRJuBoo0O4YPeCbw1lRzgQ_LGz_KM8eEhku2/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-11.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-LmuCbVks11PC-RMJ93tNawYSxCaYoBsHYvoiNqJHqqIYWn1aaK0x9rA_QmWnhK1dbYCHB6Y11ygoAhRkuLblqGDCJtnE4JhxB4rIGIoRPRJuBoo0O4YPeCbw1lRzgQ_LGz_KM8eEhku2/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-11.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTkU0mX7F98H05xBhunu-uYnZelF54gBV40BH4t6Em14RcXpLVr6EDhMLUBMwstreWHA9QKC1lI0BgeRpYGmTjRNaNDMxof80Ud8TzdNB7ThdFPtDPyBPtcrsIYw5jFLdpoNniYAZaru8d/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-13.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTkU0mX7F98H05xBhunu-uYnZelF54gBV40BH4t6Em14RcXpLVr6EDhMLUBMwstreWHA9QKC1lI0BgeRpYGmTjRNaNDMxof80Ud8TzdNB7ThdFPtDPyBPtcrsIYw5jFLdpoNniYAZaru8d/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-13.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnw7O0NSJ5Fd4YC7JhY91wwbmoDhyphenhyphenjR4MDVRR4djbtL4xpyu5Z8Cw4jts7Rx4abV8PE7VfgruhzyjA8-iFkGIpMvpLkROp37mDHEHMV4w70iKOpXpdstL6kDcx5-4a4xIv1W3XFGrYrCEJ/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-14.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnw7O0NSJ5Fd4YC7JhY91wwbmoDhyphenhyphenjR4MDVRR4djbtL4xpyu5Z8Cw4jts7Rx4abV8PE7VfgruhzyjA8-iFkGIpMvpLkROp37mDHEHMV4w70iKOpXpdstL6kDcx5-4a4xIv1W3XFGrYrCEJ/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-14.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcrc2Bc3fQdjA0J0LiL39YPjlofXzFxVZCKz0atd9ILETZ3FziU5gIQ48D851sU1fNoZPS0YPXvf5i1jb6a2KsEz9ucAEeMNKuDDvUxrme_DwPy3cMoIm1YT7motZdhSH3GV0TRRV_Z5eO/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-15.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcrc2Bc3fQdjA0J0LiL39YPjlofXzFxVZCKz0atd9ILETZ3FziU5gIQ48D851sU1fNoZPS0YPXvf5i1jb6a2KsEz9ucAEeMNKuDDvUxrme_DwPy3cMoIm1YT7motZdhSH3GV0TRRV_Z5eO/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-15.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyYSam7_LgI9M-iCK9lkUPsaL6WRxCP3KwRo65bphrTYOH5kFoheVLt11l8b0S8JqHG-e6m5sGBT-kTc6CbaODvMfWmor_LTeK2LT8a1bGbCeM8XXu__FohLat5EhSjsPUHdtKs6ZZ7kEu/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-16.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyYSam7_LgI9M-iCK9lkUPsaL6WRxCP3KwRo65bphrTYOH5kFoheVLt11l8b0S8JqHG-e6m5sGBT-kTc6CbaODvMfWmor_LTeK2LT8a1bGbCeM8XXu__FohLat5EhSjsPUHdtKs6ZZ7kEu/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-16.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> The design of the BMW i8 body is as groundbreaking as the plug-in hybrid sports car’s concept as a whole. Hallmark BMW dynamics, lightweight design and efficiency are all expressed in the car’s proportions, lines and surface design. The 2+2-seater is immediately recognizable as a BMW i model and a new-generation sports car. The structure of overlapping and interlocking surfaces – lent additional emphasis by the car’s color concept – also contributes to the unmistakable appearance of the BMW i8. This layering principle allows aerodynamic forms to be wrapped up in a progressively styled package, while powerfully formed wheel arches draw attention to the wide track of the BMW i8. The compact construction distinguishing both the electric motor and combustion engine allows the front and rear sections of the car to be particularly low- slung and thus accentuate the car’s dynamically stretched flanks. The scissor-type doors, which open forward and upwards like wings, add extra intrigue to the sports car design of the BMW i8. A signature feature of the BMW i brand is the “black band”. On the BMW i8, it emerges in a “V” shape from the hood and extends back over the roof into the rear section of the car, where it frames the center section of the rear apron. At the front end, the black band is framed by the body-colored apron and fenders, while at the rear it is overlapped by the “floating” roof pillars, which extend over the rear lights. Another element of the standalone BMW i design language is the “stream flow” contour of the side window. On the BMW i8 the stream flow also determines the path travelled by the air between the falling roofline and the character line rising through the rear section of the car’s flanks towards the rear spoiler lip. The front view of the BMW i8 exudes sporting ability in its purest form. Large front apron air intakes arranged over several levels generate a powerful feeling of depth. The extremely broad BMW kidney grille stretches over to the slim headlights, accentuating the width of the BMW i8 and its road-focused stance. The car’s full-LED headlights adopt the hallmark U-shape of BMW i models. The dipped and high-beam light is emitted by a lens positioned on the far outer edge of the light units. The three- dimensional design of the light sources lend their appearance a sporty character. The low-slung stance of the rear end and its horizontal, width-emphasizing lines also provide a clear showcase for the dynamic potential of the BMW i8. The rear is bordered by the sculpted rear wheel arches. The sloping rear window opens high, allowing easy access to the storage compartment located underneath. The rear lights, reflectors and rear diffuser form a single visual unit that strengthens the car’s already powerful appearance. Like the headlights, the intricately designed rear light clusters also feature the characteristic BMW i U-shaped design. The directional indicators are integrated above the rear lights into the descending roofline. All of the exterior lights on the BMW i8 are LEDs. Visible efficiency: aerodynamic optimization on a detailed level. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdl1aZXsiKnvneYwYtYrT8zsO8cI8_CZNIrrxYJYBZvApqB_EPLRantfN-wwok7bPAclOIWSVNVRzpLa_k6s2S3r4aJCfcLzmbZdYMk_eb4o1mit6OUuKjw6E8NVNlUVSh2BUhVr5-Lopd/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-3.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdl1aZXsiKnvneYwYtYrT8zsO8cI8_CZNIrrxYJYBZvApqB_EPLRantfN-wwok7bPAclOIWSVNVRzpLa_k6s2S3r4aJCfcLzmbZdYMk_eb4o1mit6OUuKjw6E8NVNlUVSh2BUhVr5-Lopd/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-3.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzyG0YYdwn4NsbUvZjm5m3UL2UEXPVfFqmMiURHuMusOiisoCwZtwygmwEN5ZtE4EyOZHzKHfe00EcHJRXNDxkPyZQ2G0SYUsgNWaIldpLZgLBdEOhYvMzFfFx38xf5-js2oRWRNv9f8Q1/s1600/P90133092-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzyG0YYdwn4NsbUvZjm5m3UL2UEXPVfFqmMiURHuMusOiisoCwZtwygmwEN5ZtE4EyOZHzKHfe00EcHJRXNDxkPyZQ2G0SYUsgNWaIldpLZgLBdEOhYvMzFfFx38xf5-js2oRWRNv9f8Q1/s640/P90133092-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHRbxipfqS_7kSUwhwUi93A0lCNK4injDPhT3eJFtHlJ7H3WVOKyc_uci0vlQIjyjeaImrqU_KvevYBdMjQQow21uEnvsoseFU60p_UU6-Lb-Ghe1wFQfWID0AZaNfuga1AX28KJEIwFgK/s1600/P90133091-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHRbxipfqS_7kSUwhwUi93A0lCNK4injDPhT3eJFtHlJ7H3WVOKyc_uci0vlQIjyjeaImrqU_KvevYBdMjQQow21uEnvsoseFU60p_UU6-Lb-Ghe1wFQfWID0AZaNfuga1AX28KJEIwFgK/s640/P90133091-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a>The BMW i8 boasts a drag coefficient (Cd) of 0.26 and a fine aerodynamic balance. The low-slung hood, almost totally blanked off kidney grille, Air Curtains in the front apron, sealed underbody, contoured side skirts, “stream flow” lines of the car’s flanks, and the air ducts between the rear lights and roof frame allow the air to be channeled extremely effectively as it hits the car. The large wheels with their bespoke, aerodynamically optimized design also help to quell efficiency-reducing turbulence – and their effect is reinforced by aeroflaps positioned behind the front wheels and ahead of the rear wheels. Precisely defined air flow across all areas of the body provides a balance between air resistance and lift designed to maximize driving dynamics and directional stability. The paintwork adorning the side body panels and front and rear ends of the BMW i8 can be specified in a choice of four colors, three of which have been created exclusively for BMW i. All the paint finishes provide a striking contrast to the black band. And, depending on the color chosen, the accent surfaces on the side skirts, at the rear and on the BMW kidney grille surround come in BMW i Frozen Blue or Frozen Grey. Interior design: customary BMW driver focus in a progressive ambience defined by dynamics and lightness. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3BOeX-E6_vUAQJusy29kisRldSbJ5wvbNN-f29YUnrOmE7UAehC3bMRIzJu26rr-60PgNbro3I84ORKhyH_1tNskQCTpPvMdPFsqtH-3naGQcEtjJ3h-J8-b_pIMhTK-bheYzNzZTqs_0/s1600/P90132815_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3BOeX-E6_vUAQJusy29kisRldSbJ5wvbNN-f29YUnrOmE7UAehC3bMRIzJu26rr-60PgNbro3I84ORKhyH_1tNskQCTpPvMdPFsqtH-3naGQcEtjJ3h-J8-b_pIMhTK-bheYzNzZTqs_0/s640/P90132815_highRes.jpg" height="478" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1pcokCEkklcd5O_GS2nu49KsHolo9fU0Rj8_CbPo7Be1MZKdihH7v9t2l0LHFmtiG0Js0Pl0swdWICmB2HA1D-TN42pS_NsjkYx2ofoMtt2RMQLiOsjsjPQjjH6SuA4mvQQBqmyka_qvR/s1600/P90133031-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1pcokCEkklcd5O_GS2nu49KsHolo9fU0Rj8_CbPo7Be1MZKdihH7v9t2l0LHFmtiG0Js0Pl0swdWICmB2HA1D-TN42pS_NsjkYx2ofoMtt2RMQLiOsjsjPQjjH6SuA4mvQQBqmyka_qvR/s640/P90133031-highRes.jpg" height="478" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmhV5PoyM1kADrsfHZWJtY6V7hPW602AnYGH2qGRkKiKont5JmS5F1U3mcsMH_bvgeBrFxr_kdvEt2SIE5d74vMIVJ2CeUAlIvXBfSnwDRszpMGmSd2i8RSDOoHdPe0Ct95HpTbgpYNZPK/s1600/P90133032-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmhV5PoyM1kADrsfHZWJtY6V7hPW602AnYGH2qGRkKiKont5JmS5F1U3mcsMH_bvgeBrFxr_kdvEt2SIE5d74vMIVJ2CeUAlIvXBfSnwDRszpMGmSd2i8RSDOoHdPe0Ct95HpTbgpYNZPK/s640/P90133032-highRes.jpg" height="478" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGUCeO-T2Bm0cNtJhDWt8usUlcs3V9FQsTV-8AdnGikL1-6hMqWFRG3S4Uh3wrQsRWhOSE4eNu0tW17qXiZy_5ek3_-45CBKzVoD-b0Q0Q7YC-2xAKl-trxafpx4fAOisNNTYNdeEh7QGS/s1600/P90133089-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGUCeO-T2Bm0cNtJhDWt8usUlcs3V9FQsTV-8AdnGikL1-6hMqWFRG3S4Uh3wrQsRWhOSE4eNu0tW17qXiZy_5ek3_-45CBKzVoD-b0Q0Q7YC-2xAKl-trxafpx4fAOisNNTYNdeEh7QGS/s640/P90133089-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrireCvP4EK_zKeb0CwTPXTFhXMzBkPxSWNAB8fJZUwcfl20VXdOn69byoEpmgL2u4xiQwPS580i8Dsc7foYJ3_73rVpgA5lbyuoonwl65-sdTqDVdxc6owCYAyNLOm3GZBz4ehtv_-hYD/s1600/P90133090-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrireCvP4EK_zKeb0CwTPXTFhXMzBkPxSWNAB8fJZUwcfl20VXdOn69byoEpmgL2u4xiQwPS580i8Dsc7foYJ3_73rVpgA5lbyuoonwl65-sdTqDVdxc6owCYAyNLOm3GZBz4ehtv_-hYD/s640/P90133090-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoFV3bIp8Q7tjCiDwZFlPgk0lloP5WzthxM-dpywfNnpzItqo2zgMoL8r9TCGMUUPMLLAWxUplupFeaFCnFDMZfxMiTYQf_1A-B8sxNm2CI6_gxX6o1Jgp4Q9l0sJhTsBHD7hUAqq0vI3n/s1600/P90133088-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoFV3bIp8Q7tjCiDwZFlPgk0lloP5WzthxM-dpywfNnpzItqo2zgMoL8r9TCGMUUPMLLAWxUplupFeaFCnFDMZfxMiTYQf_1A-B8sxNm2CI6_gxX6o1Jgp4Q9l0sJhTsBHD7hUAqq0vI3n/s640/P90133088-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> Future-focused design also dominates the interior of the BMW i8. The driver orientation typical of BMW cockpit design is complemented by progressive elements which highlight the sports car’s dynamic flair and light weight. The driver, front passenger and rear passengers sit low down – in traditional sports car style – in lightweight seats. The standard leather trim extends beyond the seat surfaces to parts of the center console, instrument panel and interior door panels. The use of leather treated with natural substances, including olive leaf extract as a tanning agent, underlines the sustainable character of the BMW i8 alongside its exclusivity and sporting allure. Exposed CFRP sections of the passenger cell visible around the entry apertures when the doors are opened provide a reminder of the low weight of the BMW i8. <a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcuBakHTVhGRNCYyLtYFj_dW2jjD4lEF3AQ1pNgdkCSo85G6i-JsfARBkbkmQvzF-L8qjviimwhyphenhyphenx9Svu-2D57mtRhPpNQj0kZY4rFr67L7Fxa9ZO8w5paERUaTJJ4x-sMNLGr3JaJfVy8/s1600/P90131417_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcuBakHTVhGRNCYyLtYFj_dW2jjD4lEF3AQ1pNgdkCSo85G6i-JsfARBkbkmQvzF-L8qjviimwhyphenhyphenx9Svu-2D57mtRhPpNQj0kZY4rFr67L7Fxa9ZO8w5paERUaTJJ4x-sMNLGr3JaJfVy8/s640/P90131417_highRes.jpg" height="478" border="0" /></a>The instrument panel of the BMW i8, with its horizontal lines emphasizing the width of the interior and a structure determined by the “layering” principle, creates a light yet powerful impression. The arrangement of the overlapping, three-dimensional segments is complemented by a contrast-rich color scheme. The layering approach also finds its way, through dynamically curving lines, into the design of the center console, which is home to the gearshift lever, the Controller for the iDrive operating system, the start/stop button, the eDrive button and the Driving Experience Control switch. The iDrive system’s Control Display comes in a freestanding 8.8-inch format. A bespoke sports steering wheel with multifunction buttons and the Navigation system are standard in the BMW i8. Also standard is the multifunction instrument display, whose content and presentation formats take their cue from the driving mode selected. Available as alternatives to the standard Mega trim for the BMW i8 interior are the Giga and Tera Worlds. In standard specification, the contrast between black surfaces in the cockpit and light Carum Grey leather surfaces emphasizes the lightness and sustainability of this vehicle concept. The leather surfaces of the door and side trim are complemented by functional textile highlights made from recycled material. The optional Giga equipment World is available in light or dark versions. The naturally treated leather surfaces feature perforated elements and subtle contrast stitching which underline the superior character of the material and workmanship involved. Painted surface elements on the instrument panel, door trim and center console add the finishing touches to the cutting-edge ambience. The likewise optional Tera equipment World brings a pervasive aura of luxury and sustainability to the interior of the BMW i8. Top-quality leather surfaces combine with textile accents and contrast stitching in BMW i Blue. And when it comes to the color scheme, dark Dalbergia Brown and light Carum Grey provide attractive contrasts. The Tera World also brings high-class paintwork to selected instrument panel and door trim surfaces. The accent ring for the leather steering wheel comes in BMW i Blue in the Tera equipment World and in Satin Silver in the other variants. Powertrain and driving experience: The best of both worlds <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicekuIV0wE11kJ03dmSkWYnZ3u6I_8nq92TpWuNepvEHNqRHj5pCO_CN-JdENEQy9eIivD1ZGJ4sLtijf3EmD5sA5jXl9j9nIAACXQiF5J6n5vT6exK56wBTOsQi_Tw8Rd2rC_F1Ee1pj2/s1600/P90130608_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicekuIV0wE11kJ03dmSkWYnZ3u6I_8nq92TpWuNepvEHNqRHj5pCO_CN-JdENEQy9eIivD1ZGJ4sLtijf3EmD5sA5jXl9j9nIAACXQiF5J6n5vT6exK56wBTOsQi_Tw8Rd2rC_F1Ee1pj2/s640/P90130608_highRes.jpg" height="452" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCRzVjy7dNCfUm8Z1XNDmJW0HCfdMsA9hxuoCYfKSApH3uKlgKVL6eXl5i7h1OSPw2vQ-p0NOGm2qdazYVz73lI9NiUvsxeoUAHV53tU-MzJ937U9K6B4lFtPhacnaEu5rPa4WDi3r7zr3/s1600/P90130609_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCRzVjy7dNCfUm8Z1XNDmJW0HCfdMsA9hxuoCYfKSApH3uKlgKVL6eXl5i7h1OSPw2vQ-p0NOGm2qdazYVz73lI9NiUvsxeoUAHV53tU-MzJ937U9K6B4lFtPhacnaEu5rPa4WDi3r7zr3/s640/P90130609_highRes.jpg" height="452" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi93hvc8ddq4D0Iox7qbRc02gER0Qv0XywecBbO4Tj3DeBX2UHGfAPTJTmsd6Gazh4hyf6pq3rI7ThlNf-Lg1jgZcD_GVFDQwlr8y_GP23a-TgoDz7VjwsDFw-RVPOpwNc741yugPz2fvBO/s1600/P90130610_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi93hvc8ddq4D0Iox7qbRc02gER0Qv0XywecBbO4Tj3DeBX2UHGfAPTJTmsd6Gazh4hyf6pq3rI7ThlNf-Lg1jgZcD_GVFDQwlr8y_GP23a-TgoDz7VjwsDFw-RVPOpwNc741yugPz2fvBO/s640/P90130610_highRes.jpg" height="452" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCV-q2qP-2UNTYOVNk8vWoX4gFL3bqJHsbECAN3K1DX-ln-G_mdRnJjZSAbTmXMw7vPWIBoKrOqRttvRhU54T_Gi2UNO-Mg_Ha5St9I5Z-dGTYEi0GN612o1i5rUEYRuzwprgTofRCkqAt/s1600/P90130611_highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCV-q2qP-2UNTYOVNk8vWoX4gFL3bqJHsbECAN3K1DX-ln-G_mdRnJjZSAbTmXMw7vPWIBoKrOqRttvRhU54T_Gi2UNO-Mg_Ha5St9I5Z-dGTYEi0GN612o1i5rUEYRuzwprgTofRCkqAt/s640/P90130611_highRes.jpg" height="452" border="0" /></a></div> The BMW i8 embodies a revolutionary, future-focused interpretation of the driving pleasure for which BMW is renowned. It was purpose-designed as a plug-in-hybrid sports car offering agile performance and outstanding efficiency. An exceptionally lightweight and aerodynamically optimized body – including a passenger cell made from carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) – plus advanced BMW eDrive drive system technology, a compact, highly turbocharged 1.5-liter gasoline engine with BMW TwinPower Turbo technology and intelligent energy management all come together to create an overall concept that represents a new landmark in the Efficient Dynamics development strategy. The BMW i8 blends the performance of a top- end sports car with fuel economy and emissions levels below even small urban subcompacts. It is based, moreover, around a vehicle architecture that offers the perfect platform for agile handling, thanks to an ultra-low center of gravity and near perfect 50 : 50 weight distribution. The three-cylinder combustion engine in the BMW i8 develops 170 kW/231 hp and drives the rear wheels, while the 96 kW/131 hp electric motor draws its energy from a lithium- ion battery, which can be charged from a conventional 110 volt power outlet as well as a 220 volt electric vehicle charger, and sends its power to the front axle. This bespoke plug-in hybrid system, developed and produced by the BMW Group, enables a range in everyday driving of up to 35 kilometers (approx. 22 miles) and a top speed of 120 km/h (approx. 75 mph) on electric power alone, coupled with a “glued-to-the-road” all-wheel driving experience headlined by powerful acceleration and a dynamically-biased distribution of power through enthusiastically taken corners. The more powerful of the two power sources drives the rear wheels and uses the electric boost from the hybrid system to deliver hallmark BMW driving pleasure while at the same time offering groundbreaking levels of efficiency. The sprint from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) takes just 4.4 seconds, yet average fuel consumption – as calculated in the EU test cycle for plug- in hybrid vehicles – stands at the equivalent of 94 miles per US gallon from launch. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_38jdjF35xY6MUL7YU5X5Z9G-fZei-5Cn_mkaYIZzpWajUtE1L_PnaN9pM5Iot8NXtUsylCck79L_BYJ8__Lt3uSZ1MkHufvFw3AlmuKgnx24EPPySgSFwgNst_KNR5nM4hXBzmPiNciB/s1600/P90133030-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_38jdjF35xY6MUL7YU5X5Z9G-fZei-5Cn_mkaYIZzpWajUtE1L_PnaN9pM5Iot8NXtUsylCck79L_BYJ8__Lt3uSZ1MkHufvFw3AlmuKgnx24EPPySgSFwgNst_KNR5nM4hXBzmPiNciB/s640/P90133030-highRes.jpg" height="480" border="0" /></a></div>Maximum driving pleasure and efficiency: BMW TwinPower Turbo engine and electric motor developed by the BMW Group. The plug-in hybrid drive system of the BMW i8, which comprises a BMW TwinPower Turbo engine combined with BMW eDrive technology, offers the best of both worlds: excellent potential for improved efficiency and exciting, sporty driving characteristics. The BMW Group has developed not only the internal combustion engine and electric motor in-house but also the power electronics and the battery. This ensures that all these components offer high product and quality standards, based on the outstanding capabilities of the BMW Group in the field of powertrain research and development. The revolutionary character of the BMW i8 is emphasized by a further innovation: the use of an internal combustion engine which is making its debut in this model. The BMW i8 is the first BMW production model to be powered by a three-cylinder gasoline engine. This highly turbocharged unit is equipped with latest-generation BMW TwinPower Turbo technology. It is exceptionally compact and develops maximum power of 170 kW/231 hp from its 1.5-litre displacement. The resulting specific output of 113 kW/154 hp per liter of displacement is on a par with other high-performance sports car engines and is the highest of any engine produced by the BMW Group. The new three-cylinder engine derives its typical characteristics from BMW’s inline six- cylinder engines, to which it is closely related and which are noted for their eager power delivery, revving ability and refinement. The three-cylinder’s BMW TwinPower Turbo technology comprises a high-performance turbocharging system and direct gasoline injection with high-precision injectors positioned between the valves, along with VALVETRONIC throttle-less load control, which improves efficiency and response thanks to seamlessly variable valve lift control. Like a six-cylinder engine, the three- cylinder unit is free of first and second-order inertial forces. The low roll torque, a typical feature of a three-cylinder design, is further reduced by a balancer shaft, while a multi- stage damper integrated in the automatic transmission ensures very smooth and refined running at low rpm. BMW TwinPower Turbo technology and low internal friction improve both fuel consumption and torque characteristics. Accelerator response is sharp and the three-cylinder unit quickly reaches its maximum torque of 320 Newton meters (236 lb-ft). The car’s second power source is a hybrid synchronous electric motor specially developed and produced by the BMW Group for the BMW i8. The motor develops maximum power of 96 kW/131 hp and produces its maximum torque of around 250 Newton meters (184 lb-ft) from standstill. Power is instantly available –an advantage of electric motors- from 0 rpm and remains available into the higher load ranges. Credit for the linear power delivery, which extends right up to the high end of the rpm range, goes to a special motor design principle exclusive to BMW i. BMW eDrive technology refines and improves on the principle of the permanently excited synchronous motor with a special arrangement and dimensions for the torque-producing components. This results in a self-magnetizing effect normally confined to reluctance motors. This additional excitation ensures that the electromechanical field generated when current is applied remains stable even at high rpm. As well as providing a power boost to assist the gasoline engine during acceleration, the electric motor can also power the vehicle by itself. Top speed is then 120 km/h (approx. 75 mph). The BMW i8 has a maximum driving range in this emission-free, virtually soundless, all-electric mode of up to 35 kilometers (approx. 22 miles). The motor derives its energy from the lithium-ion battery which is centrally mounted underneath the floor of the vehicle. This model-specific version of the high-voltage battery was developed and produced by the BMW Group. It has a liquid cooling system, offers a maximum usable capacity of five kilowatt hours and can be recharged from a conventional 110 volt power outlet, at a BMW i charging station, or at a public EV charging station. The BMW i8’s vehicle concept and powertrain control highlight its progressive, revolutionary character. The BMW i8 always achieves the optimal balance between dynamic performance and efficiency, whatever the driving situation. For example, the battery can also be recharged via the electric motor while decelerating. In addition to this, when power demands allow, the high-voltage battery is recharged by the electric motor. The high-voltage starter-generator, responsible for starting the combustion engine, can also be used as a generator to charge the battery, the necessary power being provided by the BMW TwinPower Turbo engine. These various processes help ensure that the BMW i8 always has sufficient energy on board to power the electric drive system. The all-electric driving range is sufficient to cover most urban driving requirements. Out of town, the BMW i8 delivers impressively sporty performance with extreme efficiency, thanks to the electric motor’s power-boosting support for the gasoline engine. With such versatility, the BMW i8 belongs to a new generation of sports cars which unites exciting performance with cutting-edge efficiency – to enhance both driving pleasure and the sense for sustainability. The rear wheels of the BMW i8 are driven by the gasoline engine via a six-speed automatic transmission, while the front wheels receive their power from the electric motor via a two-stage automatic transmission. Combined maximum output of 266 kW/362 hp and combined peak torque of 570 Newton meters (420 lb-ft) provide all- wheel-drive performance which is as dynamic as it is efficient. The BMW i8’s intelligent powertrain control system ensures perfect coordination of both power sources. The variable power-sharing between the internal combustion engine and the electric motor makes the driver aware of the sporty temperament of the BMW i8 at all times, while at the same time maximizing the energy efficiency of the overall system. Utilizing both power sources enables a 0 – 100 km/h (62 mph) time of 4.4 seconds. The BMW i8 has an electronically controlled top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph), which can be reached and maintained when the vehicle operates solely on the gasoline engine. Variable front-rear power splitting in line with changing driving conditions makes for excitingly dynamic cornering. On entering the corner, the power split is biased towards the rear wheels to improve turning precision. For more vigorous acceleration out of the corner, the powertrain controller returns to the default split as soon as the steering angle becomes smaller again. Five driving modes allow drivers to adjust efficiency and dynamic performance as desired – at the touch of a button. The BMW i8 offers the driver unusual scope to adjust the drive and suspension settings of the vehicle in order to adapt the driving experience to his or her individual preferences. As well as the electronic gear selector for the automatic transmission, the driver can also use the Driving Experience Control switch – a familiar feature of the latest BMW models – or, exclusively to the BMW i8, the eDrive button. It gives the driver five operating modes to choose from: D for automated gear selection in COMFORT and ECO PRO modes, SPORT mode and eDrive for pure-electric driving – likewise with a choice of COMFORT and ECO PRO mode. The Driving Experience Control switch on the center console gives drivers a choice of two settings. On starting, COMFORT mode is activated, which offers a balance between sporty performance and fuel efficiency, with unrestricted access to all convenience functions. Alternatively, at the touch of a button, ECO PRO mode can be engaged, which, on the BMW i8 as on other models, supports an efficiency-optimized driving style. The powertrain controller coordinates the cooperation between the gasoline engine and the electric motor for minimal fuel consumption. On overrun, the intelligent energy management system automatically decides, in line with the driving situation and vehicle status, whether to recuperate braking energy or to coast with the powertrain disengaged. At the same time, ECO PRO mode also programs electrical convenience functions such as the air conditioning, seat heating and heated mirrors to operate at minimum power consumption – but without compromising safety. The everyday driving range of the BMW i8 on a full fuel tank and with a fully charged battery is over 500 kilometers (310 miles) in COMFORT mode. SPORT mode offers sequential manual gear selection and at the same time switches to very sporty drive and suspension settings. In SPORT mode, the engine and electric motor deliver extra-sharp performance, accelerator response is faster and the power boost from the electric motor is maximized. And to keep the battery topped up, SPORT mode also activates maximum energy recuperation during deceleration and braking. If the battery is being recharged using the car’s kinetic energy, the electric motor’s generator function switches to a more powerful setting. At the same time, gear change times are shortened and an extra-sporty setting is selected for the standard Dynamic Damper Control and the Electric Power Steering. The BMW i8’s ECO PRO mode can also be used during all-electric operation. The vehicle is then powered solely by the electric motor. Only if the battery charge drops below a given level, or under sudden intense throttle application (kickdown), is the internal combustion engine automatically activated. Sophisticated chassis technology with Dynamic Damper Control. The dynamic chassis and suspension technology of the BMW i8 is based on a double- wishbone front axle and a five-link rear axle, whose aluminum components and geometry are specially configured for intelligent weight savings. The Electric Power Steering offers easy maneuvering in town and typical sports car-style high-speed steering precision, combined with particularly low energy consumption. Also standard is Dynamic Damper Control: the electronically operated dampers change their characteristics according to the selected driving mode to deliver the desired vehicle dynamics. The DSC (Dynamic Stability Control) stability system includes the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Cornering Brake Control (CBC), Dynamic Brake Control (DBC), Brake Assist, Brake Standby, Start-Off Assistant, Fading Compensation and the Brake Drying function. The push button-activated Dynamic Traction Control (DTC) system raises the DSC thresholds, allowing some controlled drive wheel slippage for easier start-off on snow or loose ground, or for extra-dynamic cornering. CFRP wheels reduce weight in critical areas. The chassis components of the BMW i8 are defined by their weight-minimized construction. The car’s standard 20-inch forged aluminum wheels have an aerodynamically optimized, lightweight design. CFRP wheels developed exclusively for the BMW i8 can be specified as an option in markets where regulations allow them. They allow a further reduction in weight in an area of the car which plays a particularly prominent role when it comes to agility. The use of three-piece wheels made from this extremely lightweight and high-strength material directly reduces unsprung masses and produces a weight saving of three kilograms per wheel. Body and safety: lightweight and maximum protection The BMW i8 has its own version of the LifeDrive architecture developed for BMW i that gives it a unique range of tools for combining intelligent lightweight design and safety – to the highest standard in each case. The horizontally split LifeDrive architecture consists of two separate, independent modules. The combustion engine and electric motor, battery pack, power electronics, chassis components, and structure and crash functions are arranged together in the aluminum Drive module, while the central element of the Life module is the 2+2-seater’s carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) passenger cell. The vehicle structure and materials employed in the i8 represent a pioneering example of automotive construction and reinforce the position of the BMW i8 as the most progressive model in the sports car segment worldwide. CFRP is the lightest available material that can be used in the construction of a car body without compromising on safety. One of the stand-out characteristics of this high-tech material is its hugely impressive torsional rigidity, yet it is also carries 50 percent less weight than steel and is 30 percent lighter than aluminum. The LifeDrive architecture and high proportion of CFRP and aluminum in the car’s construction allow a previously unprecedented dimension in weight optimization. The curb weight of the BMW i8 stands at 1,490 kilograms (3285 lb), and the LifeDrive architecture also has a positive effect on how this weight is distributed. The battery unit is positioned low down in a central position, helping to give the car a low center of gravity and enhance safety accordingly. In fact, the center of gravity of the BMW i8 is less than 18 inches (460 millimeters) from the ground, making it lower than any other current BMW Group model. And this, like the car’s near perfect 50 : 50 weight distribution, ensures excellent handling properties. CFRP passenger cell: flexible in form, extremely strong in crash tests. The LifeDrive architecture also allows exceptional levels of freedom when it comes to body design. In the case of the BMW i8, the result is an appearance that reflects the car’s sporting characteristics, its innovative premium character and its groundbreaking technology. The impressive structural strength of the CFRP passenger cell allows particularly large door apertures, which in turn ensure comfortable access to the rear seats of the BMW i8. The structure of the distinctive doors, which open forward and upwards like wings, is composed of a CFRP inner structure and an aluminum outer skin. This construction is 50 percent lighter than a conventional equivalent. In its dry, resin-free state CFRP can be worked almost like a textile, and as such allows a high degree of flexibility in how it is shaped. The composite only gains its rigid, final form after the resin injected into the lattice has hardened. This makes it at least as durable as steel, but it is much more lightweight. The high tear resistance along the length of the fiber also allows CFRP components to be given a high-strength design by following their direction of loading. To this end, the fibers are arranged within the component according to their load characteristics. By overlaying the fiber alignment, components can also be strengthened against load in several different directions. In this way, the components can be given a significantly more efficient and effective design than is possible with any other material that is equally durable in all directions – such as metal. This, in turn, allows further reductions in terms of both material use and weight, leading to another new wave of savings potential. The lower accelerated mass in the event of a crash means that energy-absorbing structures can be scaled back, cutting the weight of the vehicle. LifeDrive architecture – conceived to maximize occupant protection. The development of the LifeDrive architecture and the version of it used for the BMW i8 incorporated the latest knowledge from safety and accident research and the requirements of international crash test procedures. The high-strength passenger compartment teams up with the intelligent distribution of forces within the LifeDrive module to provide the cornerstones for optimum occupant protection. Even after the structurally debilitating offset front crash with an impact speed of 64 km/h (40 mph), the extremely rigid material used for the passenger cell maintains an intact survival space for passengers. The crash-activated aluminum structures at the front and rear end of the Drive module provide additional safety. Impressive rigidity, combined with its ability to absorb an enormous amount of energy, makes CFRP extremely damage-tolerant. Even at high impact speeds it displays barely any deformation. As in a Formula One cockpit, this exceptionally stiff material provides an extremely strong survival space. Less body deformation occurs compared with comparable steel bodies. Furthermore, the doors can be opened without any problem and the interior remains largely free of intrusions. Rescue scenarios were worked through and checked as part of the development process. In standard cutting tests, the process of rescuing occupants from a BMW i8 involved in an accident was, in various scenarios, even more straightforward than that for conventional vehicles. That is because body components made from CFRP are lighter and can be more easily cut than high- strength steels, for example. High safety reserves in a side-on impact. The impressive safety characteristics of CFRP also come to the fore in side impact scenarios. Despite the heavy, in some cases concentrated forces, the material barely sustains a dent, and passengers enjoy unbeatable protection. All of which makes CFRP perfectly suited for use in a vehicle’s flanks, where every centimeter of undamaged interior is invaluable. However, there are limits to what CFRP can endure. If the forces applied go beyond the limits of the material’s strength, the composite of fiber breaks up into its individual components in a controlled process. In the Euro NCAP side impact test, in which a pole strikes the side of the vehicle dead center at 32 km/h (20 mph), CFRP again demonstrates its extraordinary energy- absorbing capacity. The Life module absorbs the entire impact with minimal deformation, guaranteeing optimum passenger protection. The occupant protection concept is rounded off by standard safety equipment – including electronically controlled restraint systems – of the same high standard in terms of scope and effectiveness as that featured in vehicles from all the BMW Group’s brands. Front airbags and side airbags integrated into the seat backrests, plus head/curtain airbags for both rows of seats, are all standard, as are three-point inertia-reel seatbelts including belt stoppers, belt tensioners and belt force limiters for all seats. Optimum protection for the high-voltage battery. Crash-active aluminum structures in the front and rear sections of the vehicle provide an impressive level of safety for the Drive module. In a front or rear-end collision, these absorb a large proportion of the energy generated. The battery, meanwhile, is mounted centrally in the underbody section of the car to give it the best possible degree of protection. Statistically, this is the area that absorbs the least energy in the event of a crash, and the vehicle shows barely any deformation here as a result. The high-voltage system is designed to cope with accidents beyond the legal requirements, with the high-voltage battery including features that ensure its safe reaction even in situations such as this. The latest series of tests conducted by the renowned DEKRA E-Mobility Competence Center were extremely extensive – ranging from how a car might catch fire, how the flames might spread and what would be required to extinguish the fire, to the pollution caused by run-off of the water used for fighting the fire. The experts concluded that electric and hybrid cars with lithium-ion drive-system batteries are just as safe as vehicles with conventional drive systems. To ensure maximum safety in such a crash scenario, the high-voltage battery is disconnected from the high-voltage system and the connected components discharged when the passenger restraint systems are triggered. Repair costs for the BMW i models are normal for their class. Tests by vehicle insurers and BMW Accident Research show that accidents primarily result in minor damage. In around 90 percent of all recorded accidents involving conventional vehicles, the damage sustained is to the outer skin. The BMW i8 takes account of this and is equipped with thermoplastic body panels. If a section of the external skin needs to be replaced, this can be carried out quickly and economically. Overall, the accident repair costs are at a comparable level to those for conventional BMW models. “Cold” repair methods for aluminum parts, time-saving repairs for CFRP components. Repairs to the aluminum structure of the Drive module (welded as part of the series production process) are carried out using the “cold” methods of bonding and riveting. These methods have been in use successfully in BMW workshops since 2003. The reparability of the Life module’s CFRP structure was already a priority in the development of the vehicle concept; for example, several repair stages were set out for the side frame. If a damaged side sill needs to be replaced after a side impact, the workshop carries out a visual inspection and damage assessment and then removes only the section in need of repair using a patented milling tool. The required side sill component is manufactured to fit and then installed on the damaged vehicle. The new part is bonded to the separation points using repair elements. Any authorized BMW i dealer can repair the outer skin. However, due to the product- specific features of the LifeDrive module, there will be repair centers in which specialized employees take care of vehicles with damage to the aluminum or CFRP structure. Full-LED headlights offer bright, efficient illumination. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOY8WsZ0Oq1rwwxhURtsr458okP2wcTYi_js9Alg-ZGUxSnGUC8px-Kcy9UC8H_xt1EUau92zuZqHRP7bVsAKUxf2NlcuGeTWmubyNgKYCnx-cNJ5WQe11k0-6NFbmcQ4Uve6_8Kklk1UP/s1600/Wallpaper-1920x1200-10.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOY8WsZ0Oq1rwwxhURtsr458okP2wcTYi_js9Alg-ZGUxSnGUC8px-Kcy9UC8H_xt1EUau92zuZqHRP7bVsAKUxf2NlcuGeTWmubyNgKYCnx-cNJ5WQe11k0-6NFbmcQ4Uve6_8Kklk1UP/s640/Wallpaper-1920x1200-10.jpg" height="400" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieGoh_3HpFe74qL0ICeqPgOt2CfIi2l8nUrbX4fKS036MxB0QrrnZ9g_6BL-MksnrYig_PnLKeVNa-MWZLaKmMmJXaN6WCU064S96ujOo5SafF6MNe9cMqKCLYjE0JG0ULrfKg6v9UXm9C/s1600/P90133029-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieGoh_3HpFe74qL0ICeqPgOt2CfIi2l8nUrbX4fKS036MxB0QrrnZ9g_6BL-MksnrYig_PnLKeVNa-MWZLaKmMmJXaN6WCU064S96ujOo5SafF6MNe9cMqKCLYjE0JG0ULrfKg6v9UXm9C/s640/P90133029-highRes.jpg" height="478" border="0" /></a></div> The slim headlights of the BMW i8 team up with the BMW kidney grille to form a horizontal unit emphasizing the car’s width. The plug-in hybrid sports car is fitted with powerful and energy-efficient full-LED headlights. In their lower section, the light sources are framed by a U-shaped bar into which are integrated the daytime driving lights, sidelights and direction indicators. The intricately designed rear light clusters also feature the U-shape typical of BMW i cars. All of the lights on the BMW i8 are LEDs as standard. The BMW i8 is the world’s first series-produced vehicle to be available as an option with innovative laser headlights in markets where the regulations allow (they currently do not comply with US regulations). They generate a pure-white, extremely bright light that is pleasant to the eye. The light is created through the conversion of the beams emitted by tiny laser diodes by means of a fluorescent phosphor material inside the headlight. Laser lighting is monochromatic, which means that the light waves all have the same length. They also have a constant phase difference. As a result, laser lighting can produce a near-parallel beam with impressive luminance, which gives it an intensity a thousand times greater than that of conventional LEDs. The beam can also be adjusted extremely precisely. At the same time, the further optimized inherent efficiency of laser lighting means that laser headlights have less than half the energy consumption of even LED headlights, which are already very efficient. Laser lighting generates approximately 170 lumens (a photometric unit of light output) per watt, whereas LED lighting generates around 100 lumens per watt. BMW ConnectedDrive and 360° ELECTRIC: Intelligent connectivity. Innovative driver assistance systems and BMW ConnectedDrive mobility services developed specially for BMW i serve to enhance the driving pleasure available on board the BMW i8 and the car’s efficiency in equal measure. Intelligent connectivity optimizes comfort, safety and the use of infotainment features while on the move. It also helps the driver to enjoy the performance attributes of the plug-in hybrid sports car to the full, while at the same time keeping energy consumption – in both gasoline and electric form – as low as possible. BMW ConnectedDrive therefore effectively becomes an extension of the Efficient Dynamics strategy. The variety of tools it offers to further improve the balance between driving pleasure and energy consumption is unique worldwide and makes an additional contribution to the progressive character of the BMW i8. Added to this, an extensive range of products and services from 360° ELECTRIC are available for the BMW i brand’s second series-produced model. The 360° ELECTRIC portfolio focuses on home charging, charging at public charging stations, keeping drivers on the road and integration into innovative mobility concepts. As such it promotes the comfortable, reliable and flexible utilization of electric mobility. This package of features also helps to make maximum use of the efficiency potential inherent in the vehicle concept and drive system technology of the BMW i8. Maximizing the use of the electric motor and feeding renewably generated electricity into the high-voltage battery significantly improves the CO2 rating of the plug-in hybrid sports car. The BMW i8 is equipped as standard with an integrated SIM card which provides the intelligent connectivity required to use the mobility services from BMW ConnectedDrive. It also introduces navigation services specially developed to enhance electric mobility – such as the Range Assistant with dynamic range map – alongside familiar features, including the Concierge Services information facility, the Intelligent Emergency Call function and the Online Entertainment music-on-demand service. Moreover, drivers can use the BMW i Remote app to share information with their car at any time using their smartphone. For example, they can use their phone to control the charging process for the high-voltage battery and, while that is happening, also oversee the advance preparation of the vehicle before a journey. Proactive drivetrain management ensures maximum efficiency and an optimum electric driving experience. Like the vehicle concept – which offers an optimum platform for the broad-spread application of lightweight construction and optimized aerodynamic properties – and the BMW i8’s drive system technology, intelligent energy management also plays its part in imbuing the car with its outstanding levels of efficiency. This function controls the interplay between the combustion engine and electric motor with the aim of optimizing the balance between driving pleasure and fuel consumption in everyday use. This allows the BMW i8 to combine the performance of a pure-bred sports car with small car-like fuel consumption and emissions. A bespoke display and control concept and the link-up between the driver, car and outside world provided by BMW ConnectedDrive bolster the efficiency-enhancing effect of the energy management system. At the same time, they make the targeted management of energy flows in the BMW i8 something the driver can experience in considerable depth. The specially adapted version of the fully digital instrument display fitted in the BMW i8 shows the car’s speed and driving status information in a format and color selected to suit the driving mode currently engaged. SPORT mode brings traditional circular instruments for speed and rpm readouts. In COMFORT mode a “power meter” display replaces the rev counter to keep the driver up to speed on what the electric motor is up to, while ECO PRO mode adds an efficiency display, which encourages drivers to maximize fuel efficiency through their use of the accelerator. The standard Navigation system links up with a version of the proactive drivetrain management system likewise specially developed for the BMW i8. When the route guidance function is activated, the drivetrain management is configured to ensure the electric motor is employed as extensively as possible and as wisely as possible from an efficiency point of view. The system analyses the route in full and sets up the drivetrain management, including energy recuperation strategy, to run on purely electric power over low-speed sections of the journey in particular. In so doing it ensures, for example, that the battery has sufficient capacity to cover the final stage of a longer journey through a built-up area in all-electric mode. The performance characteristics of the electric motor and the capacity of the high- voltage battery have been set up to allow BMW i8 drivers to meet their urban mobility needs on electric power alone. Special displays in the instrument cluster keep the driver permanently informed of the remaining range (in kilometers) in all-electric driving mode. The map display function of the Navigation system also contains a dynamic range display which uses a spidergram (range map) to show the area the car can cover on electric power alone. The map view also displays the location of public charging stations, allowing drivers to plan their journeys to incorporate a stop-off to charge the high-voltage battery. This means that additional battery capacity is then available for the remainder of the journey, which can either be used to continue the journey emission-free or to maximize the car’s dynamic performance by using the electric motor and combustion engine in tandem. An all-round solution providing intelligent connectivity: the driver assistance package from BMW ConnectedDrive. As well as the Navigation system, standard specification for the BMW i8 also features a cruise control system with braking function, a rain sensor including automatic headlight activation, and Park Distance Control (PDC) with sensors at the front and rear of the car. The BMW ConnectedDrive driver assistance package available as an option comprises High Beam Assistant, a rear view camera, Surround View, Speed Limit Info including No Passing Info display, and Collision Warning with pedestrian recognition and braking function. The standard full-LED headlights of the BMW i8 also feature daytime running light and cornering light functions, the latter illuminating the section of road the car is turning into. High Beam Assistant also helps to optimize visibility during the hours of darkness by assisting the driver in making maximum possible use of the high-beam headlights. The system uses a camera positioned on the windscreen near the rear-view mirror to detect oncoming traffic and vehicles travelling ahead to ensure the headlights dip in good time. Meanwhile, the BMW i8 adds a rear-view camera and the Surround View system to PDC to ensure safe and comfortable maneuvering. In addition to the rear view camera and the PDC sensors, the Surround View system also uses two cameras in the wing mirrors to go about its work. The data it collects is processed by a central computer which generates an overall view of the car and the area around it. This is then shown in the Control Display from a bird’s-eye perspective. The additional Side View system uses a pair of cameras mounted in the front of the car to ensure the driver is able to spot cross- traffic early – for example, when pulling out from tight gateways. The Speed Limit Info system displays speed and passing restrictions on the car’s current route. It also sources the information it requires from the windshield-mounted camera and checks it against the data from the navigation system. The camera identifies traffic signs at the edge of the road and overhead signs on motorways. Safety in city traffic is further enhanced by Collision Warning with braking function and pedestrian recognition. This system can be used at speeds of up to 60 km/h (37 mph) and initially generates a visual warning in the instrument cluster if there is a danger of collision. If this is not heeded, an urgent warning then prompts the driver to intervene with a flashing version of the symbol and an audible signal. At the same time, the brakes are applied. The BMW i8 also offers the driver the services of the BMW Head-Up Display which projects important driving data onto the windshield. Information including the car’s speed, status alerts from the driver assistance systems, Check Control messages, speed limits and overtaking restrictions can all be displayed in the driver’s direct field of vision. The ConnectedDrive Services opens up an array of internet-based services to the driver. These include access to the BMW Online portal, the Online Entertainment features and the use of apps for further comfort and infotainment functions. The likewise optional Real Time Traffic Information system delivers precise traffic congestion warnings and detour recommendations in real time. 360° ELECTRIC: emission-free driving in unbeatable comfort. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-sRX7eAfg-K7TKvp1xJ-hXhGJLC0iBlXuNROYgB6ZEnY0vkR-FReUdc2ggk68ENu2R2imjpjWJLP6cz9V1Re_Oyck8YitWh4y-_fExHxEEttiEh0nFImgXbh_WRLQzLEUHpMYuiLsHH7a/s1600/P90133047-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-sRX7eAfg-K7TKvp1xJ-hXhGJLC0iBlXuNROYgB6ZEnY0vkR-FReUdc2ggk68ENu2R2imjpjWJLP6cz9V1Re_Oyck8YitWh4y-_fExHxEEttiEh0nFImgXbh_WRLQzLEUHpMYuiLsHH7a/s640/P90133047-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjzEp5xzCgbqNhIqNYU3ZJEdiU_yMZ7ZJqIwsetIHx2oBH6e1mop7MwhCo_cqdnLTrN-qDa1swOgw_0ZoUWQvhn5o2OCbNNbc8XztFFoVVVqyeTZ8EwyJEaHYjoszC9uM1vRJAYdHcB0G7/s1600/P90133048-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjzEp5xzCgbqNhIqNYU3ZJEdiU_yMZ7ZJqIwsetIHx2oBH6e1mop7MwhCo_cqdnLTrN-qDa1swOgw_0ZoUWQvhn5o2OCbNNbc8XztFFoVVVqyeTZ8EwyJEaHYjoszC9uM1vRJAYdHcB0G7/s640/P90133048-highRes.jpg" height="354" border="0" /></a></div> The BMW i8 plug-in hybrid sports car always achieves top marks for efficiency when it starts a journey with its high-voltage battery fully charged. For customers who have the use of a garage or private parking space, BMW i offers bespoke solutions under 360° ELECTRIC which enable the battery pack to be charged at home or at work safely, simply and extremely quickly. BMW i provides owners with a charging cable to plug into a standard 110 v power outlet and a special charging point (the BMW i Charging Station). As well as supplying and installing the Charging Station, BMW i also checks its installation in customers’ homes and provides maintenance, advice and other services. Plugging the car into a standard 110 v power outlet returns the empty high-voltage battery to full charge in 3.5 hours, while using the BMW i Charging Station completes the process in 1.5 hours. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8aolODV21ZO13mo4SuahTA19PHptgBtFH_-mZ8lATubQMzUynbebnNbRGKFcYfMaVaKZ3JMGtiJ4NZGDRZy49edgV0zWMMPumuejiYpaRuZh7x_FwmtnOnaHvgzkVmtYfLI6az9rQJdZH/s1600/P90133087-highRes.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8aolODV21ZO13mo4SuahTA19PHptgBtFH_-mZ8lATubQMzUynbebnNbRGKFcYfMaVaKZ3JMGtiJ4NZGDRZy49edgV0zWMMPumuejiYpaRuZh7x_FwmtnOnaHvgzkVmtYfLI6az9rQJdZH/s640/P90133087-highRes.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> The charging process can be monitored on a graphic display in the instrument cluster of the BMW i8, as well as via the BMW i Remote app on a smartphone. The driver can view the current battery charge level and the electric range possible (in kilometers) with the available energy capacity. Charging can be initiated either immediately or at a later time – in order to make use of off-peak electricity rates at night, for example. Added to which, charging the battery from the BMW i Charging Station allows the passenger compartment to be prepared in advance for an upcoming journey so that the driver and passengers are greeted by a pleasant onboard temperature without having to use energy from the high-voltage battery to heat or cool the interior. Its 360° ELECTRIC initiative also sees BMW i backing the use of electricity from renewable sources in other ways, and the brand has joined forces with selected partners to offer a choice of green power solutions in all markets. A strategic alliance between BMW AG and German eco power supplier naturstrom AG will in future give customers in Germany the opportunity to obtain an eco power package for running their BMW i vehicle. The company supplies electricity entirely from renewable sources, with a very high proportion coming from wind power. This means the high-voltage battery of the BMW i8 can be supplied with energy generated with zero CO2 output. Thanks to collaboration with car park operators and public charging station providers, BMW i also grants customers highly reliable access to the public charging infrastructure. Together with its partners, BMW i assists the link-up between the vehicle, the driver and the outside world, providing users with comfort-enhancing features – such as the display of available charging stations in the navigation system and on the customer’s smartphone, as well as a simple and transparent payment method with the ChargeNow card. This card enables access to charging poles operated by various providers and offers a cashless means of payment. The BMW i8 is estimated to arrive in Canadian showrooms in spring of 2014. <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9qH5S2awUYomCeMcLeK6GflAtr_969CsvD825lZasUwh6quSrY0Gh5lnlXPehGBOni6RK69r8ec6TguBJQW2tvx-bXPOKiXruE1mTpEIkVz2MA0jX_RmkuaqRMvSJ1vnQ3TD8YYWpjwVr/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-09-09+at+5.33.38+PM.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9qH5S2awUYomCeMcLeK6GflAtr_969CsvD825lZasUwh6quSrY0Gh5lnlXPehGBOni6RK69r8ec6TguBJQW2tvx-bXPOKiXruE1mTpEIkVz2MA0jX_RmkuaqRMvSJ1vnQ3TD8YYWpjwVr/s640/Screen+Shot+2013-09-09+at+5.33.38+PM.jpg" height="532" border="0" /></a></div><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUOZZ97hduee4WRC-NiTbSEc2X-g5fSASQooLREmbeM3loHM0c5z5OIoIzwOg3QqQChTGPw6fsJLUdGnTbbNE6xa1mRHbndaWDFokbrlzEuxwySkvEEXdTEDEVWh_oS282GVZ0aNQJfHPE/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-09-09+at+5.33.49+PM.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUOZZ97hduee4WRC-NiTbSEc2X-g5fSASQooLREmbeM3loHM0c5z5OIoIzwOg3QqQChTGPw6fsJLUdGnTbbNE6xa1mRHbndaWDFokbrlzEuxwySkvEEXdTEDEVWh_oS282GVZ0aNQJfHPE/s640/Screen+Shot+2013-09-09+at+5.33.49+PM.jpg" height="572" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimsPIHSBLIHZGcAbcUSQ3mILi6ai5gBRVqRt7X5DqbkX1WqcR6jXOxUhJjGIsL7HvsDyEF5Tq0KcoBWfpCMxwbyhuktRa7eYHBJxVrsR__gEzWHFBiEzOxe9bAcnZlhh3dSP1muF9PLPWb/s1600/BMW-i8-1=255B2=255D.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimsPIHSBLIHZGcAbcUSQ3mILi6ai5gBRVqRt7X5DqbkX1WqcR6jXOxUhJjGIsL7HvsDyEF5Tq0KcoBWfpCMxwbyhuktRa7eYHBJxVrsR__gEzWHFBiEzOxe9bAcnZlhh3dSP1muF9PLPWb/s640/BMW-i8-1=255B2=255D.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6j0cca9UG79le2myAwVY1nR-ZPFtuo_GevqcbJGg2Ff70wIIKDRG4vDqMu458NIB_82GMFzob-GZItnF4PFLuScnOKPXY9zhdgf_szml7tVo09eCvkCpS_sAhLOc0Yff8IGob4yYqQawn/s1600/BMW-i8-2=255B2=255D.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6j0cca9UG79le2myAwVY1nR-ZPFtuo_GevqcbJGg2Ff70wIIKDRG4vDqMu458NIB_82GMFzob-GZItnF4PFLuScnOKPXY9zhdgf_szml7tVo09eCvkCpS_sAhLOc0Yff8IGob4yYqQawn/s640/BMW-i8-2=255B2=255D.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGawLzsn93aiASbDmYOiSSDB1CaO5eUCoqIha_ncMWcaADko3jjPQC3KJ5oJ21VosQtYZMThDG59Y3RiTWRSpHstIxpzeCpme818cLvRZPE5u0uP5EGii4_R_SaWhIi5zL0a0WIQO3pKFa/s1600/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Protonic-Blue-IAA-2013-LIVE-01.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGawLzsn93aiASbDmYOiSSDB1CaO5eUCoqIha_ncMWcaADko3jjPQC3KJ5oJ21VosQtYZMThDG59Y3RiTWRSpHstIxpzeCpme818cLvRZPE5u0uP5EGii4_R_SaWhIi5zL0a0WIQO3pKFa/s640/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Protonic-Blue-IAA-2013-LIVE-01.jpg" height="424" border="0" /></a></div> <a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLNAO7QJmwL2mKnf_ltFoJZIAnBxP_vw7WVMcas4wT7XpTuBkf18kBXpw3nIw4miwc6ND05_jDVzxctcksFnhPbkU6laNMy2LYuO2VtAzVeN6Cb7qZqbCOjKHByQe0CQeL7WQpO71WcWt2/s1600/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Protonic-Blue-IAA-2013-LIVE-02.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLNAO7QJmwL2mKnf_ltFoJZIAnBxP_vw7WVMcas4wT7XpTuBkf18kBXpw3nIw4miwc6ND05_jDVzxctcksFnhPbkU6laNMy2LYuO2VtAzVeN6Cb7qZqbCOjKHByQe0CQeL7WQpO71WcWt2/s640/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Protonic-Blue-IAA-2013-LIVE-02.jpg" height="424" border="0" /></a>BMW i8 with LED Headlights <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvEPNAh34jlZfeGvC8PwfQjdVCvypENQ1UjKwJP6410HvtyQ2FbY_njVgqwEMMdrNEhRMIL26-5JfeyXaAXfx7yflkYEvXWEbkswwg51JACLbtgd3Z2BrrQrfKO17LYBsmhK682Ge8iQGY/s1600/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Protonic-Blue-IAA-2013-LIVE-03.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvEPNAh34jlZfeGvC8PwfQjdVCvypENQ1UjKwJP6410HvtyQ2FbY_njVgqwEMMdrNEhRMIL26-5JfeyXaAXfx7yflkYEvXWEbkswwg51JACLbtgd3Z2BrrQrfKO17LYBsmhK682Ge8iQGY/s640/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Protonic-Blue-IAA-2013-LIVE-03.jpg" height="424" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjXtflpZ5kG2OMC_Dv3uRXY6OSs2QDpi1XVV4Mr29vvxwiSalUZ4GsrQF3tSIxLEinT96YlB57B038TlYfnigJOACpcCtcoYpWZeOclib2Fza-GgSXcC0aKlwVILWj1AjRmLfaEwZ8xPUI/s1600/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Protonic-Blue-IAA-2013-LIVE-05.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjXtflpZ5kG2OMC_Dv3uRXY6OSs2QDpi1XVV4Mr29vvxwiSalUZ4GsrQF3tSIxLEinT96YlB57B038TlYfnigJOACpcCtcoYpWZeOclib2Fza-GgSXcC0aKlwVILWj1AjRmLfaEwZ8xPUI/s640/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Protonic-Blue-IAA-2013-LIVE-05.jpg" height="424" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeCJOvej-R2wLCAX6iMrVJQ0ckjuoCYmn-aB59geT40qexQgGGLJXAqdsxBFt1MEFzd07-5Yb6CgYHEZKY6lMXazWtCCK5lR5dONzMGzGMudIFeoICXGSA_2vk6MeHswDyLyr8e_0yoYbB/s1600/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Protonic-Blue-IAA-2013-LIVE-20.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeCJOvej-R2wLCAX6iMrVJQ0ckjuoCYmn-aB59geT40qexQgGGLJXAqdsxBFt1MEFzd07-5Yb6CgYHEZKY6lMXazWtCCK5lR5dONzMGzGMudIFeoICXGSA_2vk6MeHswDyLyr8e_0yoYbB/s640/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Protonic-Blue-IAA-2013-LIVE-20.jpg" height="424" border="0" /></a></div>BMW i8 Laser Headlight Option (Not Yet approved for use in North America) <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKut0nkHl7qe2ShLxGpV6enbJgkOkFQ3MuFrX3TS6ZCB0ihwwCElimsjHEd-ISc6Qzk9HheurpuDZh7F8y1saF0Qtciz02XGpbBcsx6RI286h1AgvEWhxxO07M0rYinZL771IKgVrd9Cjk/s1600/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Sophistograu-IAA-2013-LIVE-03.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKut0nkHl7qe2ShLxGpV6enbJgkOkFQ3MuFrX3TS6ZCB0ihwwCElimsjHEd-ISc6Qzk9HheurpuDZh7F8y1saF0Qtciz02XGpbBcsx6RI286h1AgvEWhxxO07M0rYinZL771IKgVrd9Cjk/s640/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Sophistograu-IAA-2013-LIVE-03.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW0lPv71j0Sc09AeziW3Ho22J10LH1iXs9Xkwr8zOK79N0drYESqm9TFqmRZKCpaAF1DKnezrqyErzBhGFO5fuTZSecjf7CTBbuErMtmO0f8qJ1Y7lLag8XRu_THlly_IMLFIR-G1GGVRq/s1600/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Sophistograu-IAA-2013-LIVE-09.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW0lPv71j0Sc09AeziW3Ho22J10LH1iXs9Xkwr8zOK79N0drYESqm9TFqmRZKCpaAF1DKnezrqyErzBhGFO5fuTZSecjf7CTBbuErMtmO0f8qJ1Y7lLag8XRu_THlly_IMLFIR-G1GGVRq/s640/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Sophistograu-IAA-2013-LIVE-09.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"><a href="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9mYnkTdzMSHEQGMr8vnVWTCC_ZVzuSV1eRpkHKRUPqvXgRFQfm7q5Rlrm7I3487zApFEuEiwdYYFiCinQU82f-UH6moDfc4v3EhcQC4e05oUsOE6kwJnVrodp5iGVU_uV1UCCQCacYVxb/s1600/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Sophistograu-IAA-2013-LIVE-11.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" imageanchor="1"><img width="640" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000100A/https/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9mYnkTdzMSHEQGMr8vnVWTCC_ZVzuSV1eRpkHKRUPqvXgRFQfm7q5Rlrm7I3487zApFEuEiwdYYFiCinQU82f-UH6moDfc4v3EhcQC4e05oUsOE6kwJnVrodp5iGVU_uV1UCCQCacYVxb/s640/BMW-i8-Hybrid-eDrive-Weltpremiere-Sophistograu-IAA-2013-LIVE-11.jpg" height="426" border="0" /></a></div> <iframe width="640" allowfullscreen frameborder="0" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000101A/http/www.youtube.com/embed/_kpW0_lCaOU=3frel=3d0" height="480"></iframe><iframe width="640" allowfullscreen frameborder="0" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000101A/http/www.youtube.com/embed/Y7qdeX8FQqI=3frel=3d0" height="480"></iframe><iframe width="640" allowfullscreen frameborder="0" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000101A/http/www.youtube.com/embed/QkrX_fZzE7k=3frel=3d0" height="480"></iframe><iframe width="640" allowfullscreen frameborder="0" src="http://library.vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000101A/http/www.youtube.com/embed/0FjbpV0dd6E=3frel=3d0" height="480"></iframe> <div style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="separator"></div></div>

The Official BMW i8 Released (Gallery and Press Release)

BMW i stands for the creation of pure-bred vehicle concepts, sustainability throughout the value chain, complementary mobility services and ...

8:44 AM

Subscribe to: Posts ( Atom )

Latest Auto Design

New BMW M3 Sedan, BMW M4 Coupe Official Specs.

The Official BMW i8 Released (Gallery and Press Release)

Blog Archive

Popular Posts