
The other week I came across
Retronaut, a wonderful site full of interesting articles and photographs. It is a place you could lose yourself in for a few hours but it contains some wonderful images including the above, held in the archives of the National Portrait Gallery. In 1912 Scotland Yard bought it's first surveillance camera and used it to follow and photograph known activists in the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), better known to us as suffragettes. I have long been interested in this area of history and listened last night to a fabulous programme on Radio 4 which would be well worth catching on the 'listen again' feature. In a nutshell the Archive on Four team revisited interviews made in the early to mid 1970's with elderly, but still feisty, women who had been part of the suffragette struggle. How wonderful that someone had the foresight to talk to them before there were none of them left to give first hand accounts of their actions.The tapes are now held in the Women's Library archive in London.

Suffragette jewellery is an area I find particularly interesting and this is the Holloway brooch, designed by Sylvia Pankhurst and given to women who had endured hunger strike in prison. Many were given out after 1909 when numbers grew in prison, so many of them on hunger strike that it led to the infamous Cat and Mouse Act where women were force fed to keep them alive. Last night I heard the personal testimony of Maud Kate Smith telling in her own words how the doctor rammed the tube so hard through her nose that she had permanent damage and pain to the end of her days. When that tactic failed the tube was thrust straight down their throats and poorly saturated food was ingested. Many had colitis and life long digestive disorder. Despite the hardship, when they were interviewed in the 70's I got the feeling that they would have done it all over again if they had too.

It was the WSPU who adopted the colour scheme in 1908 of purple, green and white. Purple symbolised dignity, white for purity and green for hope. London jewellers Mappin and Webb issued a catalogue of jewellery for Christmas 1908 and the more wealthy supporters often designed their own items of jewellery using gemstones and enamels to represent the movement's colours. The WSPU exhorted women to wear the colours to show support for the movement. In 1908 a new law was even passed to limit the size of hat pins. Fearing that suffragettes would use the pins as a weapon the new law specified that the new length of a pin was to be limited to 9 inches from top to tail.

One of the treats last night was hearing Leonora Cohen. I have read about her in books written by historian Jill Lidington and can recommend 'Rebel Girls' if anyone wants to find out more but I first heard her name on an Antiques Roadshow programme. One of her descendents had brought along her suffragette medals and jewellery and it had a staggering value because of who she was and the role of suffragettes in our past. In 1913 she took an iron bar and smashed a glass case containing the insignia of the Order of Merit, part of the Crown Jewels at the Tower of London and it was fascinating to hear how she missed her tube stop in her nervousness and had to go all the way around the circle line again before she could complete her task.
When she was wrestled to the ground by Beefeaters after the breakage she had a note tied to the iron bar and it read ' This is my protest to the Government's treachery to the working women of Great Britain'. She was charged with causing unlawful and malicious damage to an amount exceeding £5 and was bailed for trial by jury. She defended herself and her personal courage and articulate defence won her many admirers. An expert witness declared that the damage could be repaired for £4 10 shillings enabling the jury to acquit her as the amount was below the £5 of the charge.
Her story is just one of many but thanks to the tapes I heard last night we can hear it first hand and relive it through the voices of the women who fought for the rights that too many take for granted these days.