Luc Bovens
By Diana Hsieh @ 10:59 AM
I just heard that Luc Bovens has decided to stay in London in his awesome job at The London School of Economics. I'm sorry that he won't be returning to Boulder, as I really enjoyed his Ethics course my first year. Plus, it's distressing to lose yet another professor in our already deficient department. Nonetheless, I wish him all the best!
Link / Noodles / Trackback
George W. Bush is a Fascist
By Diana Hsieh @ 9:58 AM
No, I don't actually believe my own headline. But if you want to understand why some folks on the left do, you might find this "analysis" illuminating. It's from a world in which September 11th never happened.
Speaking of the left, I was determined not to watch Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11, as a regard him as an worthless ideologue more than willing to bend and twist the truth to suit his purposes. Unfortunately, the film is part of the Introduction to Ethics course that I'm TA'ing this semester. So I'll be seeing it (with my professor and my fellow TAs) this Thursday. Apart from David Kopel's long analysis of its deceits, where might I find other interesting commentaries on it?
Moore's film is actually going to be the background for a debate that all five TAs will conduct on 9/11 and its aftermath over the course of two days of regular class. As I'm sure to be the only hawk, I've been reading Daniel Pipes' Militant Islam Reaches America for some background, which has proven most illuminating. Any other highly recommended sources? In particular, which works on the subject from the Ayn Rand Bookstore might be worth reviewing?
Happily, Yaron Brook is coming to the Boulder campus to speak on the morality of war on September 23rd. Here's the synopsis:
The Morality of War by Dr. Yaron Brook
As the death toll of American troops continues to mount, this three-year-long war, we are told, must drag on for years to come--and demand even greater sacrifices of our soldiers. At home, we are urged to accept the inevitability of further catastrophic terrorist attacks. Is military victory within our reach? And, if it is, then why must so many of our soldiers--and more civilians--die?
Why does Washington seem to care more about avoiding civilian casualties in Baghdad than in New York? Why does it fear torturing prisoners of war, if that could save American lives?
In this passionately reasoned lecture, Dr. Yaron Brook of the Ayn Rand Institute explains why America's war is being sabotaged. He blames the moral code of Altruism--embodied in the "just-war" theory--that drives Washington's battle plans. It is this code of warfare that explains why victory is within our reach, but consciously forfeited.
But, as Dr. Brook argues, there is an alternative--a morality of war that leads to unequivocal and swift victory. Drawing upon Ayn Rand's philosophy, Objectivism, he advocates a morality of war based on the principles of rational egoism. It is a practicable, rational solution to the threats from Islamic totalitarianism.
Unfortunately, the lecture will take place after all of the debate in class is done and the students have turned in their short papers on the subject. Regardless, I hope to entice at least a few of my students to attend his lecture.
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Saturday, August 28, 2004 | |
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Proofreading
By Diana Hsieh @ 7:20 AM
I'm a horrid proofreader. My mind just seems to fill in the gaps, leap over repetitions, and gloss over the errors. So I liked this advice on proofreading from an article on tricks of trades:
If you're reading too fast, your brain can "correct" typos, preventing you from catching them. That's why it's sometimes a good idea to read a page upside-down. It forces you to pay closer attention to individual words out of context, and you can't race through pages too fast.
And no, I didn't turn my computer upside-down to check this post. (Via GeekPress.)
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Common Sense
By Diana Hsieh @ 10:52 PM
In the face of this delightful news story, elitism seems like a bad option:
LONDON (Reuters) - A cleaner at London's Tate Britain modern art gallery threw out a bag of garbage which formed part of an artwork because it was thought to be trash, British newspapers reported Friday.
The transparent bag of garbage -- full of newspaper, cardboard and other bits of paper -- formed part of a work by German-born artist Gustav Metzger called "Recreation Of First Public Demonstration Of Auto-Destructive Art."
It was on display next to a sheet of nylon that had been spattered with acid, and a metal sculpture on a table when a cleaner tossed it out with the other trash.
A Tate spokesman said the mistake was made the day before the exhibition opened at the end of June, and although the bag was later rescued, it had been damaged and Metzger had to replace it with another one.
The newspapers said the spokesman would not reveal how much the bag had cost to replace.
"It's now covered over at night so it can't be removed," the spokesman told the Times.
Oh, I'm sure it cost lots of money to replace. After all, transparent bags of garbage don't grow on trees!
Three cheers for the janitor with enough common sense to throw out the trash!
Link / Noodles / Trackback
Why I'm So Much Cooler Than Paul, Reason #28737
By Diana Hsieh @ 9:05 PM
Tonight, I didn't much feel like running. But I decided to at least run a few miles, since I didn't have a chance to do so yesterday. (I had reading to do before my day of classes at Boulder, then a headache once I returned home.) As it turned out, I got into a nice groove fairly early on. And so I ran... and ran... and ran... eight miles in all. That's two miles more than I've ever run before -- and one mile more than Paul has ever run. My wind and my muscles could have easily run longer, but my knee was complaining, so I had to quit. I'm not a very fast runner, so I'm quite pleased with my time of just under 88 minutes.
All in all, I'm feeling rather pleased with myself this evening. Of course, I'm not nearly as cool as John Enright, but at least I'm cooler than Paul. Heh.
Funny, my best running seems to be on days when I don't much feel like running. What a nice incentive that is!
Link / Noodles / Trackback
More on Volition
By Diana Hsieh @ 10:22 AM
In light of the present debate about volition raised by my two questions, I thought it would be both useful and interesting to post some of my notes on the topic from Barbara Branden's NBI course Principles of Efficient Thinking, Tape Two ("Focusing and Problem Solving"). Despite my present view of Barbara Branden, I do recommend listening to the course, as it includes much material not discussed elsewhere in the Objectivist corpus. In particular, I think the five levels of focus nicely differentiate focus from concentration. (Warning: As these are only lecture notes, I cannot guarantee perfect accuracy.)
There are not merely two primary states of consciousness, being in focus or being out of focus. Rather, there are a variety of mental states between these two extremes. Also, a person can be in a mixture of levels of focus or rapidly alternating between levels. There are five major levels of focus:
1. Passive daze: A person is seeing and hearing what is going on, but not identifying those events in any conceptual terms. Recounting those events later would be difficult, not because the mind was elsewhere, but because the mind was nowhere. This is probably the lowest level of consciousness possible.
2. Passive identification: A person is conceptually identifying what is going on, but not integrating, judging, or identifying the meaning of those events. The knowledge necessary to make judgments is available, but unused. Because judgments are not made, the resulting gap is filled in with emotions and/or the opinions of others. This is the level of awareness of the social metaphysician; by not forming judgments, there is no possibility of their judgments clashing with the judgments of others.
3. Arbitrary focus: A person is identifying and judging what is going on, but not integrating. The mind is conceptually active and purposeful, but arbitrarily selective concerning the objects of focus. Awareness is fractured and splintered, as the person is constantly going in and out of focus. The resulting incomplete awareness warps a person's judgments, such as when a person judges someone to be of good moral character due to one good deed or character trait. The primary cause of this state of awareness is that the person allows emotions (or chance) to determine what is focused upon. One secondary cause is evasion; a person might not want to think about something unpleasant, and so goes out of focus rather than think about it. Another secondary cause is unidentified emotions or fear. This level of awareness is not the same as purposeful selective focus. In this state of arbitrary focus, a person focuses only on selected objects and is in a daze about everything else. In order for a selective focus to be rational, there must be a reason for the selectivity, awareness of the selectivity, no need to act upon the facts not focused on, and no need to pass a judgment upon the facts no focused on. The crucial issue here is that a person must always be in focus and that the person's values determine the object of their focus. A person must be aware of all the relevant aspects of a situation and never blur out important details, as the arbitrary focus level of consciousness does.
4. Unsharpened awareness: A person is conceptually identifying, judging, and integrating, but only in broad outline. No new knowledge, connections, or integrations are being integrated. If events are more subtle or complicated than past thinking, then those peculiarities will not be grasped. This level of consciousness is not active, independent, or creative. The person is not aware of the limits of their knowledge or that there is more to be known. An extreme example is seen in some people who cannot seem to grasp an idea simply because it is new.
5. Full mental clarity: A person is conceptually identifying, judging, integrating, and connecting the full conceptual meaning of every aspect of reality with which one is dealing.
The level of awareness is the degree of active cognitive integration in which the mind is engaged.
The lecture also touches upon the question of why people choose not to focus. Branden offers six reasons for that choice:
1. It requires effort, which on the very short term, is not worth exerting. 2. Some people enjoy being unfocused. 3. The effort of focusing might not be regarded as worthwhile even in the long term. 4. Acting on impulse and whim is sometimes regarded as more exciting, interesting, and romantic than acting on reason. 5. Sectioning off an area of reality as unknowable means that thinking is regarded as useless. 6. Believing oneself to not be smart enough to understand something means that thinking is useless.
All very interesting!
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Thursday, August 26, 2004 | |
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An Oddly Positive Reference to Ayn Rand
By Diana Hsieh @ 7:23 PM
I suppose that I'm so used to seeing random snarky comments about Ayn Rand via my Google News Alert that I found this positive reference in a commentary on Michael Phelps to be almost surreal:
The other American swimmers have to be in awe of how Phelps locked in on every challenge like it was a thief poised to steal one of his legendary breakfast spreads at Pete's Grill in Waverly.
Whether or not Phelps embraces Ayn Rand's philosophy of objectivism, he certainly is a living example of someone who pursues excellence without compromise.
That's why he was not afraid to challenge Australia's Ian Thorpe in the 200 freestyle at the Olympics in a much ballyhooed race in which Phelps finished with "only" a bronze medal.
Hooray for excellence without compromise!
Link / Noodles / Trackback
Wednesday, August 25, 2004 | |
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Two Questions About Volition
By Diana Hsieh @ 10:26 PM
Over the past few months, I've been occasionally contemplating the following two questions in the context of the Objectivist theory of volition. So I thought I'd throw them out for general consideration.
The choice to focus or not, as our fundamental volitional choice, does not have an efficient cause. But does it have a final cause? In other words, is the choice to focus motivated by the goal of grasping reality? Similarly, are the respective purposes of evasion and drift to avoid unpleasant facts and avoid mental effort? Introspectively, such final causation certainly coheres with my own experience. And if the choice to focus or not is not so motivated, then the act of focusing or not would seem to be arbitrary and without moral significance. Yet sometimes Objectivist scholars speak as if the choice to focus is not motivated, as if that would mean that its not free.
What is the relationship between our primary choice (to focus or not) and our derivative choices (e.g. to drive to the store for milk or not, to run three or four miles, to tickle one's spouse or not)? Given our background context of knowledge and psycho-epistemology, are the derivative choices wholly determined by the ongoing choice to think or not? If not, then what is the relationship between the choice to focus and our other choices? Is some more primitive form of choice involved in ordinary choices?
Although I haven't recently reviewed the Objectivist literature on these topics, I have noticed that seemingly contradictory answers to these questions are often advanced by Objectivist scholars. Hence, my questions.
Link / Noodles / Trackback
My New Palm
By Diana Hsieh @ 12:53 PM
Last week, Elliot knocked my Sony Clie off the high kitchen counter onto the wood floor. It didn't survive the fall; its input sensor was totally off kilter. I wasn't exactly heartbroken, as I had wanted to replace it for a while. It worked well enough, but it was big and clunky with a short battery life.
Today, my Tungsten E arrived. I'm in love already. It's speedy. It's roomy. It's slim. It's light. It is not burdened with all of those useless-to-me bells and whistles of larger, heavier, and costlier moders.
Hooray!
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Tenth Anniversary
By Diana Hsieh @ 3:37 PM
Ten years ago today, Paul and I met for the very first time for dinner in St. Louis. I was a sophmore at WashU, not yet even a philosophy major, not yet even 20 years old. Paul had just returned to the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology as an attending physician after his year of MRI fellowship in Los Angeles. While still in Los Angeles, Paul noticed that I was in St. Louis from my posts on alt.philosophy.objectivism. The rest is history.
If, on that evening ten years ago, someone had told me that I would be insanely happy married to that geeky Asian doctor with the unpronouncable name whom I watched walk up to my apartment building with a spring in his step from my second-story window, I would have died of shock. Yet here I am, Mrs. Paul Hsieh. Go figure.
It's been a good ten years, Mr. Woo.
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Thursday, August 19, 2004 | |
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Strange Keywords, Strange Name
By Diana Hsieh @ 6:37 AM
A few days ago, I noticed the following three Google ads on a web page about philosophy.
Philosophy Inspired by Medical Research. Makeup, Skincare & Fragrance. www.sephora.com
Buy Philosophy Products Free 3-Day Shipping - 5% Back Great Selection - Easy Returns www.drugstore.com
Buy Philosophy Cosmetics Free 3-day shipping! Huge selection Easy online ordering. Affiliate www.beauty.com
At first, it seemed to be a strange abuse of keywords. But when I clicked on a link, I became quite confounded by the strange, mad-lib-like references to philosophy on the page itself. For example:
Philosophy is inspired by years of medical market research that's helped to influence the current skincare treatment, peel and protocols offered by top plastic surgery and dermatology practices. Several Philosophy formulations have been reviewed and administered not by one doctor, but by thousands of doctors worldwide a coalition of leading physicians and scientists dedicated to the future development of Philosophy products.
I should have read the first line more carefully:
Cristina Carlino, the creator and CEO of Philosophy, is also the founder and former CEO of Biomedic, the highly acclaimed, medical skincare company.
The possibility of a beauty company named "Philosophy" just never crossed my mind. How odd.
Link / Noodles / Trackback
Wednesday, August 18, 2004 | |
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Who Knew?
By Diana Hsieh @ 2:28 PM
I received an e-mail this morning from an old acquaintance who was disturbed by my recent blog post about the Brandens. I thought it worth quoting, along with my reply. He wrote:
I've just brought myself up to speed on the "trouble" you've been having with the Brandens and NoodleFood. I had no idea that you had developed such a bitterly negative perspective on the two of them. I don't know that it will matter much to you, but I find the anger-filled and adversarial nature of your comments to be quite bewildering, a little disturbing, and not at all like the Diana Brickell that helped to introduce me to the universe of "Objectivism" back in the early 90s.
I really don't understand, and I don't know what else to say.
I replied:
I can understand that you find my strongly negative moral judgment of the Brandens strange and bewildering. In that blog post, I couldn't do more than hint at the reasons for that judgment, which was unfortunate. Such was certainly not my plan, which was to say nothing publicly on the matter until I could fully detail my reasons. (That's taking some time to write up, but I am currently working on it.) The purpose of that plan was precisely to help prevent bafflement.
Unfortunately, NB's juvenile and deceptive games made that impossible. In my e-mail to him this spring, I told him that he was no longer welcome to post on my blog and that I would not engage him in debate. Yet he posted anyway, engaging me in debate under false pretenses. That put me in a horribly awkward position. In order to expose the deception and explain why I was deleting that debate from the comments, I had to explain why he was banned from my comments in the first place. And that required indicating my basic moral judgment of him, despite my desire to wait until I could offer my full reasons.
And yes, I was furious. He deceived and manipulated me, not to mention wasted my time and violated my property rights, all while feigning friendliness and benevolence. In my book, that's reason enough for anger. The emotion was in response to the facts -- and it is those facts which ought to be the focus of your attention.
As with another recent e-mail, I do appreciate the fact that this person had the courage to inquire with me directly. Unfortunately, his attention seems focused on the strength of my emotional reaction, rather than upon the facts relevant to the underlying moral judgment. That's a fairly common response, I suspect. I've noticed a similar concern for inessentials from people focused upon the sheer number of my moral condemnations of past associates -- now up to the unacceptably largely number of two, apparently -- rather than upon my reasons for them. That's quite a handy rationalization for dismissing whatever evidence I present to support those moral judgments.
In reality, understanding my present emotional response to David Kelley and Nathaniel Branden requires a person to be focused upon the relevant facts and moral principles. Of course, I haven't yet had a chance to present my full case. But I've written enough for someone to grasp my basic reasons for my moral judgments, e.g. in my public statement disassociating myself from TOC, my comparison of the abysmal op-eds of TOC in comparison to those of ARI, my comments on my regrets about my years at TOC, my discussion of how my approach to error influenced my departure from TOC, my comments on the closed system view of Objectivism, my discussion of my approach to ARI and the role of emotion in moral judgment, my view of apparent reforms at TOC, my post on Kelley's pragmatist approach to moral principles, my post on TOC's willingness to regard subjectivists as friends of liberty, Paul's analysis of libertarianism and moral sanction, my post on the Brandens, particularly Nathaniel Branden's deceptive and juvenile games, and my explanation of my intellectual history.
If a person can dismiss all that -- as some have -- with "Oh, Diana's just gone off the deep end" or "Diana's slipping to the Dark Side" or "Diana's just enthralled with all the attention from ARI" or "Diana's turned into a Randroid" or "Diana was always too judgmental" or "Diana thinks all her old friends are evil" or "Diana must have some other hidden reasons that she's not revealing" or "Diana thinks that Ayn Rand said all that needs to be said in philosophy" or whatnot, then I am incapable of offering any facts, evidence, or arguments for consideration. Nor do I know how to reach those who regard rigorous scholarly standards in Objectivism as inherently restrictive, authoritarian, or dogmatic. And those who claim fidelity to Objectivism while regarding resolute moral judgment as unimportant, unnecessary, damaging, overblown, or hysterical are far beyond my present grasp. If such people wonder whether they ever really knew me in years past, rest assured, the feeling is often mutual, sadly enough.
I know that I can present a compelling case to people who are morally and intellectually serious, even if presently baffled or confused by my change in views. As for the rest, I can do nothing for them; only they can help themselves.
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Lost Texts
By Diana Hsieh @ 10:32 PM
Whenever I learn of modern archeological finds of Biblical texts, artifacts, and sites, I wonder whether a simple shepherd might someday unearth the lost works of Aristotle hidden in some dark cave. I had just that thought today as I read the headline about the discovery of a cave seemingly linked to John the Baptist.
I don't know enough about the history of ancient Greek texts to even suggest that such an idle fantasy might come to pass. How many copies of Aristotle's works were produced? How durable were the texts? How were they stored? How widely were they distributed? I suspect that modern scholars can't answer such questions in sufficient detail to suppose that copies of Aristotle's lost texts might still exist somewhere. (Richard Rubenstein recounts the known history in his dramatic book on the rediscovery and influence of Aristotle's works in the Middle Ages, Aristotle's Children.)
Of course, we could not determine whether some presently lost texts of Aristotle's might be stashed away in unknown places until and unless we actually find them. But oh how glorious such a find would be!
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Anarchist Voting
By Diana Hsieh @ 8:45 AM
Well, John Kerry is sure to win the election now! It looks like he might have captured the anarchist vote. Or at least the segments of it that are willing to set aside their political convictions to vote against George Bush. Heh.
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Enough Already!
By Diana Hsieh @ 8:32 AM
Okay folks, I've had enough of the comments for the moment. Last week started with Nathaniel Branden's juevenile and deceptive games at the beginning of the week and ended with Bill Brown's loaded questions. I just can't afford the demands on my time, particularly not now that my fall semester is gearing up.
Everyone can argue away as they see fit, within the usual limits, of course. But don't expect any replies from me.
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More Libertarian Delights
By Diana Hsieh @ 9:26 PM
Paul just pointed me to this gem of a libertarian interview of John Perry Barlow (the founder of EFF) by Reason. Let me just quote a few choice bits, with emphasis added:
But by virtue of our abdication, a very authoritarian, assertive form of government has taken over. And oddly enough, it is doing so in the guise of libertarianism to a certain extent. Most of the people in the think tanks behind the Bush administration's current policies are libertarians, or certainly free marketeers. We've got two distinct strains of libertarianism, and the hippie-mystic strain is not engaging in politics, and the Ayn Rand strain is basically dismantling government in a way that is giving complete open field running to multinational corporatism.
Then, in response to the question: "What are some of the specific actions or policies of the Bush administration that alarm you more than Clinton did, or Reagan or the first Bush?"
An unwillingness to engage in any kind of mitigation of the free market. The one thing that I know government is good for is countervailing against monopoly. It's not great at that either, but it's the only force I know that is fairly reliable. But if you've got a truly free market you only have a free market for a while before it becomes completely regulated by those aspects of it that have employed power laws to gain a complete monopoly.
And then, speaking about multinational corporations:
We need them. We have a deeply symbiotic relationship with large corporations. I wouldn't want to eliminate them, because they are the engines of our economic well being at the moment. But we need something -- and I think it's governmental -- to reregulate the market and make it free, because the multinationals have taken it away.
Yup folks, Barlow wants to force us to be free. And that's not some hidden implication, but his explicit ideological claim, time and time again. Nonetheless, Reason seems quite happy to embrace him as a fellow libertarian. Since "reason" was discarded a while back, I'm not surprised that "free minds and free markets" have followed suit.
Back in April, in attempting to make some sense of the term "libertarianism," I wrote:
Yet we might still ask: Precisely what meaning does the concept "libertarianism" have? Is there some set of core political doctrines held in common by those commonly considered libertarians, such as Milton Friedman, John Locke, Jan Narveson, Ayn Rand, David Friedman, George H. Smith, Rod Long, Adam Smith, Friedich Hayek, Julian Simon, Ludwig Von Mises, Murray Rothbard, Thomas Jefferson, and so on? I think not. Such libertarian thinkers differ widely in the foundations of their political views: moral versus economic, egoistic versus altruistic, utilitarian versus deontological versus teleological, and so on. They differ in their substantive views of the proper political order. Some libertarians are anarchists; they seek to abolish the state in favor of private defense agencies. Others advocate a minimal state limited to police, the courts, and national defense. Others are willing to use government to solve so-called market failures, educate children, and provide for the poor. Such libertarians also often diverge in their implementation of rights, including on abortion, self-defense, animal rights, intellectual property, and more. Given these substantial and wide-ranging differences, the term "libertarianism" seems to be based upon family resemblance more than any feature (or features) common to all. Such a mixed-bag concept seems epistemologically indefensible to me... and virtually useless.
I also argued that the attempt to identify libertarianism with a belief in the non-initiation of force principle is hopeless:
Many people do opt for a different approach, namely that of reducing libertarianism to a single principle: the rejection of the initiation of force. As an example of this view, the oath required to join the Libertarian Party is merely: "I certify that I do not believe in or advocate the initiation of force as a means of achieving political or social goals." This approach is untenable, even dangerous, because it strips libertarianism of the content which gives it meaning, such that it can become just about anything to anybody.
The basic problem is that what does or does not constitute coercion is radically dependent upon prior notions of the range of actions to which an individual is entitled. If I am not entitled to the money I earn, then the government is not coercing me by redistributing it to the needy. If I am not entitled to self-defense, then I am initiating force in warding off a rapist. If I am not entitled to my car, then anyone may use and abuse it.
...[Further elaboration in the form of a quote from Jimmy Wales]...
So by stripping a rich political theory down to a single principle which is not even comprehensible in isolation, the focus on the non-initiation of force principle lends credence to the claims of socialists, communitarians, and other statists that they are the true libertarians. After all, they too are opposed to the use of force. They just simply understand what does and does not constitute force quite differently from you and me.
In light of those earlier thoughts, I found the Reason interview with John Perry Barlow to be quite interesting, as it shows just how little mainstream libertarians care about their once-beloved initiation of force principle these days... or about agreement on basic political issues at all. I'm not surprised.
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Saturday, August 14, 2004 | |
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Rumor and Supposition
By Diana Hsieh @ 1:27 PM
I received an e-mail from a friend of mine recently, someone I know from my long-gone days at The Objectivist Center. His letter disturbed me, as it suggested that some false reports about me have been circulating amongst TOC supporters. (I'm very glad that he e-mailed me to inquire as to the facts. I fear that too many people -- even those I've known for years -- are content with rumor and supposition.) So let me set the public record straight, at least with respect to the two concerns raised by my friend.
First, this friend was confused by my reversal in judgment on David Kelley's views, since he thought that I was already an "advanced" Objectivist when I initially sided with then-IOS over ARI. In fact, I was very, very new to Objectivism at the time of my decision. I read Ayn Rand's fiction as a senior in high school. In the fall of my freshman year of college, I read her major anthologies (The Virtue of Selfishness, Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal, and Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology) for the first time. At that time, I also diligently searched the internet for information on Objectivism, joined both the MDOP and OSG mailing lists, and thus very quickly exposed myself to the acrimonious debates between the "Kelleyites" and the "Peikovians." Not long thereafter, in February of 1994, I publicly sided with Kelley in my "Yet Another Heretic is Created" post.
Looking back upon my reasons for that choice, it's clear to me that I didn't possess an adequate understanding of the relevant philosophic issues. To compensate for that deficiency, I tended to focus on the actions of the people associated with each side, tried to connect that behavior to the ideas espoused by Peikoff and Kelley as best I could, and then judged according to my understanding of Objectivism. As the events of the past year demonstrate, that method didn't work out so well for me. The reasons are fairly simple:
First, I didn't realize that my samples were biased. Through Jimmy Wales, I quickly met lots of smart, serious, and committed supporters of David Kelley. I encountered a far more random assortment of Peikoff supporters, far too many of whom were loud, rude, and ignorant, as tends to happen in unmoderated discussion groups. Unfortunately, it took quite a few years to revise those basic judgments. Thinking back, the catalyst was likely my interactions with the fine folks of FROG, our local Objectivist discussion group. All were reasonable and kind people, many were longtime supporters of ARI, and some even knew far more about Objectivism than I did. It was all something of a shock. Around the same time, as my scholarly interest in Objectivism deepened, I became increasingly unhappy with the intellectual climate at TOC, particularly with the unserious approach to the philosophy exhibited by so many students. Finally, attending OCON in 2003 largely obliterated my generally negative view of ARI supporters.
Second, I did not adequately understand the positions defended by David Kelley and Leonard Peikoff. Although Kelley's views seemed clear enough to me at the time, I misinterpreted them to be more reasonable and consistent with Objectivism than they actually are. For example, I largely thought of his "open system" as a call to develop and extend Ayn Rand's ideas into new philosophic territory, perhaps with a few minor tweaks here and there. I did not see it then as I see it now, namely as a means of reducing her philosophy to some of its distinctive elements, then opening up the rest to contradictory and moronic revisions. And I didn't realize the full meaning of Kelley's positive comments about Barbara Branden's abysmal biography until I read parts of it last summer. I was also generally baffled by Peikoff's arguments in "Fact and Value." His notion of inherently dishonest ideas, for example, never made much sense to me until I heard him explain it last fall in listening to his Understanding Objectivism course.
Third, I didn't understand Objectivism well enough at the time to judge whether Kelley's ideas were consistent with it or not. Although I quickly absorbed Ayn Rand's ideas, I lacked the necessary time to integrate them, consider their implications, and develop my skills of philosophic detection. To many knowledgeable Objectivists, Kelley's subjectivism, pragmatism, and skepticism seem glaringly obvious. But such judgments presuppose a vast context of knowledge not available to a newcomer. So in retrospect, I'm not surprised that I didn't understand, for example, why Kelley's views on moral principles amount to pragmatism. Given my context of knowledge, I simply had no rational means of coming to such a conclusion.
Of course, at the time of my decision in favor of Kelley, I was quite unaware of these three defects in my capacity to properly judge the issue. Had I known, I certainly would have revisited the issue sooner than ten years later. In fact, I wouldn't have made more than a preliminary judgment while I gathered more gathered more information, developed my understanding of Objectivism, and honed my philosophic skills. As it was, seeing the necessity of revisiting the philosophic issues required me to experience a great deal of personal unhappiness at TOC over a wide variety of practical issues. And at that point, my context was sufficient to quickly grasp a number of David Kelley's significant errors and departures from Objectivism, as I did once I re-read Truth and Toleration.
To be clear, I'm not attempting to plead perfect, sweet, angelic innocence. I've made my fair share of mistakes along the way, usually in a very public fashion. Nor do I think that only newcomers to Objectivism can be honestly mistaken about Kelley's views, as so much depends upon a person's context of knowledge. But I think that history indicates the reasons why I mistakenly chosen Kelley's side ten years ago.
Second, my friend was concerned that I am "under pressure to denounce" various people, presumably by folks in and around ARI. That's a common view, I think, but it's totally and completely false.
Here's the truth: My rejection of David Kelley's views and subsequent disassociation from The Objectivist Center was not an isolated event; it was naturally connected to questions about the moral status of people like Nathaniel and Barbara Branden. After all, both were openly embraced by David Kelley as knowledgeable of and friendly to Objectivism. The issue was also more personal to me, in that I had served as Nathaniel Branden's webmaster for many years.
Unsurprisingly then, questions about the Brandens were raised in the course of my lengthy and detailed discussions with an ARI supporter about TOC, Kelley, and all the rest last spring. Rest assured, this person did not simply assert Nathaniel Branden's dishonesty as obvious fact, then demand agreement. (Such claims are not merely unpersuasive, they are also offensive.) Rather, he presented detailed and compelling reasons for his conclusions about Nathaniel Branden's dishonesty based upon Branden's own published writings on Ayn Rand and Objectivism. His arguments convinced me that I needed to investigate the issue for myself as soon as I could afford the time. Recognizing that I was overloaded, this person did not demand immediate consideration or decision. He was content to know that the issue was in my queue. This spring, I was finally able to read Nathaniel Branden's "Benefits and Hazards" article for the first time in ten years. I was immediately and totally appalled by it. At that point, it was easy for me to agree with this person's moral assessment of Nathaniel Branden -- not due to any pressure or demands -- but because I saw for myself that his reasons were correct. Even then, he did not demand a grand public denouncement, but merely suggested that I publicly state my change in judgment since I had been Nathaniel Branden's webmaster for years. Working on a longer commentary on the Brandens was entirely my choice and my idea. In sum, the only "pressure" in that whole exchange was the pressure of evidence and logic.
With all such issues, my decision procedure has been the same. My philosophic conclusions and moral judgments are based upon the evidence available to me -- and nothing else. Of course, discussion, debate, and conversation with ARI supporters has been enormously helpful to me. It has clarified my understanding of key issues enormously, as well as overturned my negative presumptions about such people from years past. It has not been -- and will never be -- a means of ingratiating myself. (Ugh. The mere thought is revolting!) I do not bend under threat, intimidation, authority, pressure, or inducements -- as anyone who knows me even a little should realize. And when I encounter people who attempt to use such methods on me to sway my judgment, I get downright cantankerous.
Notably, for friends or acquaintances to suggest otherwise -- merely due to my change in views -- is a serious moral insult. Whether intended or not, such a suggestion calls into question my honesty, integrity, independence, rationality, and justice -- all without a shred of relevant evidence. That's happened a few times -- and believe me, it's quite distressing.
In some ways, I hate to end on such an unpleasant note, but perhaps it's best to let that last bit sink in all the way.
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Wednesday, August 11, 2004 | |
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Porn Star or My Little Pony?
By Diana Hsieh @ 9:41 PM
Yet another important quiz via GeekPress:
She has flowing hair, smooth skin, languid eyes, and she's completely naked. Are we discussing here a star of one of the approximately four hundred thousand single-, double-, and triple-X-rated films out there, or one of the approximately four hundred thousand different "My Little Ponies" they flooded toy stores with in the Eighties?
That's what we're here to find out. Below is a list of names. Each name belongs to either a porn star, or a My Little Pony. Your job is to try and tell the fornicator from the latter. Supine or equine? New Wave Hookers or new-agey hoofers? You make the call.
Go take the quiz: Porn Star or My Little Pony? (I got 1 out of 12 right. Heh.)
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Unnecessary Evidence
By Diana Hsieh @ 4:53 PM
A few months ago, I reconsidered an issue that has often troubled Objectivists, namely that of the proper moral judgment of Nathaniel and Barbara Branden. The catalyst was my discussions with a friend about issues surrounding my departure from The Objectivist Center. He presented me with some tough questions and compelling arguments about the dishonesty and viciousness of their portrayals of Ayn Rand, criticisms of Objectivism, and so on. So I resolved to revisit the issue as soon as I could afford the necessary time.
At the time, my opinion of Barbara Branden was already exceedingly negative. Just a few months earlier, I had read a few early chapters of The Passion of Ayn Rand for the very first time. I was immediately appalled by her constant psychologizing of Ayn Rand. My judgment was sealed upon watching her argue in the debates in my comments this spring, such as in this thread. Perhaps the worst was a post from May 4th in which she quoted this passage from Passion with a prefatory comment about how it showed that she "was not attempting to denigrate Rand":
And yet, when one looks at the life of Ayn Rand, one must wonder if the dogmatic absolutism of her certainty, the blinding conviction of her own rectitude and her special place in the world, the callousness of her intolerance for opinions that were not hers, the unwavering assurance that she was alone to know the truth and that others must seek it from her -- the eyes that looked neither to the left nor to the right, but only at the path ahead -- the savage innocence of her personality -- was not the fuel required for the height of achievement she attained. Just as when one looks at history's great achievers one so often encounters the desperate loneliness and alienation which is perhaps the emotional price paid by men and women who see farther than their brothers, so one encounters these qualities in Ayn Rand. And one must wonder if they are not precisely the qualities that make possible the courage and uncompromising dedication of those who forge new paths through the unknown, enduring and persevering,shouting defiance at tne enormity of the opposition which follows them at each step of their lonely journey,and adding new glories to our world.
So much is wrong with that passage that I simply cannot afford to dissect it. So I must leave the task of noticing the psychologizing, the loaded language, the logical leaps, the absurd mischaracterizations, the change of subject, the implied mind-body dichotomy, and so on to my readers.
The history of my judgment of Nathaniel Branden is too long of a story to recount here, but it was generally positive at the start of my process of reconsideration. Nonetheless, the doubts raised by my friend's arguments made it clear to me that I had to give his recent writings on Ayn Rand and Objectivism a second look. (It had been quite some time since my first look, as I read his memoir Judgment Day and his article "The Benefits and Hazards of the Philosophy of Ayn Rand" in early 1994, just a few months after first reading Ayn Rand's philosophic essays, but never since.)
I decided to start with Branden's "Benefits and Hazards" article -- and that was all I needed. In the article, Branden repeatedly mischaracterizes, confuses, and belittles Objectivist positions. He offers laughably weak criticisms of Objectivist ideas. He unjustly blames Objectivism for the confusions of people struggling to understand and apply the philosophy to their lives. (Again, I cannot afford the time to give details at present.)
As I've said before: With friends like these, who needs enemies!?!
All of that inanity has a special meaning coming from a woman like Barbara Branden and a man like Nathaniel Branden, namely that they know better. They deserve to be judged in light of the fact that they were experts on Objectivism, that they learned the philosophy from Ayn Rand herself, that they were teaching courses and writing articles on it. They are not confused novices struggling but failing to understand the issues. Theirs are not honest errors, but rather breaches of morality. And they deserve to be condemned and shunned by people who understand and value Objectivism.
In light of that judgment, this spring I privately banned both Nathaniel and Barbara Branden from posting comments on NoodleFood. How it happened is somewhat complicated, so bear with me. Paul and I had just recently returned from our two-week rafting trip in the Grand Canyon. During our absence, I shut down the comments entirely, as the debate had been raging out of control and into absurdity for far too long. After I returned to blogging, Richard Dover added two comments attacking Chris Sciabarra and Barbara Branden to my post about our trip. I was annoyed, to say the least. I replied thusly:
Thanks for the totally apt comments about the trip to the Grand Canyon, Richard. (Yes, that was sarcasm. Sheesh.)
Please folks, let's not return to the insane discussions of last month. If that happens, I will simply have to close down the comments entirely, particularly if people are posting on totally irrelevant entries. I have no desire for my blog to become the place for people to spout nasty accusations back and forth. Thoughtful, relevant, and civil philosophical debate and argument is welcome. If that is not possible to you, do not post.
This is not some "Can't we just all get along?" plea. It's a demand: Say something worthwhile on something relevant to the blog post, or say nothing at all. If some people are unable to abide by that demand, I will remove my property as a forum for them. If that does not work, I will shut down the comments entirely.
You are in my house when you post comments on this blog. Act accordingly, or you shall be ejected.
Of course, I had to leave Richard Dover's comments up for all to see, otherwise people would have no idea of the kind of comment which was so grossly inappropriate.
Unfortunately, I hadn't yet informed Barbara and Nathaniel Branden of my decision to ban them from my comments when Barbara posted an inquiry as to why Dover's comments were allowed to remain. I quickly deleted the message, as I didn't want her in my comments. She posted again, I deleted again. Then Nathaniel posted, inquiring as to why Barbara's comments were deleted but Dover's remained. I deleted that too. Obviously, the issue could not be put off any further. So I set aside my work to write Nathaniel and Barbara the following e-mail:
Date: Tue, 08 Jun 2004 08:25:25 -0600 To: bbranden1@aol.com, n6666b@cs.com From: diana(at)dianahsieh.com Subject: my comments
Nathaniel and Barbara,
Since you two seem to be tag-teaming in your complaints about my blog yet again, I may as well write a single letter in reply. I regret the necessity of all that is below, but consider it your fair warning.
Barbara wrote:
"Are Richard Drover's comments that Chris Sciabarra and I are either liars or stupid among the comments that are allowed?"
I highlighted Richard Dover's totally inappropriate and irrelevant comments as an example of that which I do not wish to see on my blog. To have deleted them would have destroyed the necessary context.
And speaking of that which I do not wish to see on my blog, let me say that you, Barbara, are no longer welcome to post comments. Any and all comments from you will be deleted, regardless of content. Your comments on my blog this spring confirmed the suspicions and deepened the objections raised by reading some early chapters of _The Passion of Ayn Rand_ for the first time last summer. As far as I am concerned, you have revealed yourself as vicious and dishonest through your own words. So I am withdrawing my comments as a forum for you. Go grind your ax somewhere else.
To answer your question, Nathaniel, such were the reasons why Barbara's comment was deleted while Richard Dover's remained: he was an example, she was unwelcome. Given our prior friendly relations, I regret to say that I must give you the same warning: If you post any further comments on my blog, they will be deleted. I recently twice re-read your "Benefits and Hazards" article, which is an embarrassing, unjustifiable, and inexcusable attack on Objectivism. Such transparently fallacious arguments against the philosophy are to be expected from the mouths of ignorant critics, but you certainly know better. And that is only the tip of the iceberg.
Together, you two have done more damage to the cause of Objectivism than I ever imagined possible. I regret that it took me so long to see that. But now that I do, I will certainly not help you do any more damage. I want nothing to do with either of you.
You can complain about this ban all you like to whomever you like, but you are not permitted to do so on my property, nor will I engage in debate with you elsewhere. My judgment will not be swayed by the intervention of mutual friends, as my mind has been solidly made up for some weeks now. I will be announcing the ban and the detailed reasons for my negative judgment on the blog soon enough.
I'm certain that I will be branded a crazy moralizer by you and others for making such strong moral judgments, but so be it. In my view, a stark choice must be made: either the Brandens or Objectivism, but not both. My choice is clear.
diana.
So that was that, or so I thought. Until now, I've refrained from any public announcement of or comment on my present views of the Brandens, as I wanted to present my full reasons in a long and careful post to the blog. However, recent events have compelled me to write up all of that quick background so that I might say a few words about more recent events on this blog. (Just FYI, I'm bothering to reprint the following comments in full because they will be deleted.)
Yesterday, someone named "Hellen Rearden" posted the following inquiry to the comments of this blog:
Monday, August 9, 2004 at 14:36:12 mdt Name: Hellen Rearden E-mail: Helen Rearden(at)cs.com
Forgive me, but I am new to Objectivism and to many of the issues you are discussing. I have read all of Miss Rand's books, almost all of Dr. Branden's books, and Barbara Branden's biography of Miss Rand. For reasons I don't yet know, I gather both Brandens are sort of anathema here.
Barbara Branden in her biography, and Nathaniel Branden in his memoir, are accused of spreading lies and distortion about Miss Rand. But how is this known to be a fact? On what grounds are the charges made? How can any of us be certain what the truth is since I assume we don't have first-hand knowledge?
Judging from some of the comments here, that seems to be self-evident, but to a newcomer it's not self-evident at all.
Could someone on this list kindly offer some help?
I wrote the following reply:
Monday, August 9, 2004 at 15:05:22 mdt Name: Diana Hsieh E-mail: diana(at)dianahsieh.com URL: http://www.dianahsieh.com/blog/
Helen --
Those are excellent and important questions for a newcomer to Objectivism to ask. I am presently working on a long article which does answer them, so I'm not going to say too much here. But let me offer a few bits of advice based upon my own personal experience.
(1) Listen to interviews with Ayn Rand and Q&A; sessions in which she participated. See for yourself whether she engages in the sort of authoritarian, irrational behavior of which the Brandens charge her. When possible, directly compare the summaries offered by the Brandens to the actual event. (This is possible, for example, with AR's first interview with Phil Donahue, which BB discusses on pages 391-2 of her biography.)
(2) Talk to people who attended NBI lectures. Ask them to tell you about the behavior of NB, BB, and AR during Q&As;, etc.
(3) Re-read the early chapters of BB's _The Passion of Ayn Rand_, paying particular attention to her claims about AR's psychology. Notice whether those psychological conclusions are supported by the evidence she provides.
(4) Consider whether someone who was as irrational and psychologically twisted as BB and NB claim that AR was would be able to develop and advocate a consistent philosophy of reason over the course of a lifetime.
(5) In reading NB's "Benefits and Hazards" article, try to determine whether his portrayal of the Objectivist positions that he then goes on to criticize are accurate -- and whether his criticisms have any merit.
Personally, I don't think that these issues are self-evident in the slightest. They are epistemologically complicated and morally charged. That's not an easy combination to handle, particular not for someone new to Objectivism.
Good thinking! diana.
"Hellen" then responded:
Monday, August 9, 2004 at 16:45:35 mdt Name: Hellen Rearden E-mail: Helen Rearden(at)cs.com
Diana,
Well, I appreciate your speedy response, but I can already see there are going to be troublesome complications.
I have met a number of people, now in their fifties or sixties, who were at NBI in the old days and who support Dr. Branden's descriptions of some of Miss Rand's behavior at those events.
Second, saying that at times Miss Rand could be autocratic is not saying she always was that way, and she most likely would be most careful to be balanced if she was being interviewed on the radio--don't you think?
Third, I'll re-read the "Benefits and Hazards" piece, as you suggest.
Most important, you ask me to consider if someone as troubled as the Brandens claim Miss Rand could be at times could produce work of literary and philosophical greatnes. I have two responses. Yes, I think it's possible; great thinkers, scientists, artists are not revered for their mental or emotional stability. Next, I don't think the man who wrote the books Dr. Branden has written could be the vicious, irrational character some people make him out to be. That's one of the reaons I find this whole situation so confusing and bewildering.
I appreciate your kindness in trying to bring some daylight into all this.
And Don Watkins also replied:
Tuesday, August 10, 2004 at 6:29:15 mdt Name: Don Watkins E-mail: egoist(at)gmail.com URL: http://angermanagement.mu.nu
Hellen,
You write: "Most important, you ask me to consider if someone as troubled as the Brandens claim Miss Rand could be at times could produce work of literary and philosophical greatnes. I have two responses. Yes, I think it's possible; great thinkers, scientists, artists are not revered for their mental or emotional stability."
To whatever extent that's true, we are not talking about just any thinker. We're talking about someone who discovered fundamental truths on a massive scale, including - for the first time in history - an objective code of morality. We're talking about the author of *Atlas Shrugged*.
According to Objectivism, morality, in the most basic sense, means: to think. Ayn Rand didn't stumble onto Objectivism, she had to devise it by looking at reality. You can't do that and at the same time be a neurotic evader. It is simply not possible. The best evidence of Rand's moral character, then, is her unequivocal rationality.
What troubles me about your post, however, is your next comment: "Next, I don't think the man who wrote the books Dr. Branden has written could be the vicious, irrational character some people make him out to be."
You can say this about Branden but not about Rand? Have you actually READ Judgment Day? If so, and if you're honest, I can only say to Diana that we impatiently await your paper. It is badly needed.
Richard Dover then replied to Don:
Tuesday, August 10, 2004 at 8:36:39 mdt Name: Richard Dover
Don: "Have you actually READ Judgment Day? If so, and if you're honest, I can only say to Diana that we impatiently await your paper. It is badly needed."
Anyone who reads both "Judgement Day" and the rewrite of it, "My Years with Ayn Rand", will see that Branden is a liar.
Then two very strange comments appeared this morning. The personal information was that of Nathaniel Branden, but the comments themselves seemed to be be from "Hellen":
Tuesday, August 10, 2004 at 9:42:15 mdt Name: Nathaniel Branden E-mail: n6666b(at)cs.com
Richard
Your declaring that anyone who reads "Judgment Day" and "My Years with Ayn Rand" will see that Branden is a liar is not an argument, it's an assertion. I've read both books and was impressed by the author's honesty and ruthless self-examination. And I am not alone in this impression. To me, Dr. Branden's love for Miss Rand comes through loud and clear, and that is one of the reasons I cannot understand the reaction of people such as yourself. What am I missing?
And:
Tuesday, August 10, 2004 at 9:54:52 mdt Name: Nathaniel Branden E-mail: n6666b(at)cs.com
Don,
I was really sorry to see in your answer to me the words "if you're honest," the implication being that if a person does not see things your way the only explanation is dishonesty. Was it your intention to intimidate me? Please think twice if that's the message you want to send out.
Then finally, this one from "Hellen," which repeats the charge of intimidation:
Tuesday, August 10, 2004 at 10:52:35 mdt Name: Hellen Rearden E-mail: Helen Rearden(at)cs.com
Don,
You write "if you're honest." I hope that was not meant to intimidate me.
I was quite puzzled, to say the least. After all, anyone could have typed in Nathaniel Branden's name and e-mail address into a comment. Yet the comments themselves did seem to be from "Hellen." And, as Don Watkins noted, both "Hellen" and Nathaniel had "cs.com" (i.e. CompuServe) accounts. So I checked my referrer logs. Although the IP addresses didn't match exactly, all of those posted under "Hellen Rearden" and "Nathaniel Branden" were from the same ISP, the same one used by the real Nathaniel to send e-mail. And both used exactly the same browser, build and all.
So I wrote to Nathaniel, reminding him that he was not welcome to post in my comments and accusing him of "attempting to engage me and others in debate through deception." We went back and forth a few times, then he finally told me his story:
Not long ago I acquired a girlfriend, new to Objectivism, utterly bewildered by the warfare between you-know-who and rage against the Brandens. She found it difficult to believe my explanations of how "the other side" operated. So I offered a challenge. Let her write to your list, as benevolently and openly as possible, and ask for insight re the war against the Brandens. My position was that no matter how benevolent and balanced her inquiry, someone on the Noodles list would--within the space of 3 exchanges--raise of the question of her honesty if she did not see things their way.
I won the bet.
After that, we were laughing so hard that I decided it was time to announce the farce over. So I wrote a message in my name.
Go ahead, my dear old friend, attack away!
I still say what I have said to you before: one day Leonard P. and his associates will be too much, even for you, and your natural intelligence will reassert itself, and you will leave the ARI world (if you are not excommunicated first)...and then all these exchanges will be understood in a different light.
With all good wishes,
Nathaniel
So folks, there you have it. Nathaniel Branden, despite knowing that he was most unwelcome on my blog, chose to entertain himself and his new honey at the expense of my time and effort. He challenged her to deceive me and others, all while recommending that she write "as benevolently and openly as possible." (However honest she may be, do not think that I would have bothered to answer such sweet little questions from Nathaniel Branden's girlfriend!) And despite displaying such utter contempt for me in public and on my property, he's sure that we'll soon be good buds.
As of this morning, I did not need any further confirmation that Nathaniel Branden is a dishonest prick. But I got it anyway.
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Zoocentric Egalitarianism Chart
By Diana Hsieh @ 1:18 PM
I'm presently working desperately on my paper for last semester's Environmental Philosophy class. Broadly speaking, my topic is the gross defects of zoocentric egalitalianism, i.e. of Peter Singer's case for animal liberation and Tom Regan's case for animal rights. A central theme of my paper is that, although Singer and Regan differ in moral foundations (utilitarianism versus deontology) and in practical implications (betterment versus abolition), their arguments do share certain interesting and signficant structural features. This morning, I developed this little chart, which I thought worth posting. Of course, if you're not familiar with Singer and/or Regan, I doubt that it will make much sense.
| Biological Claim | Moral Claim | Moral Obligation | Application to Discrimination | Extension to Animals | Peter Singer | Entities which feel pleasure and pain have interests. | All interests are morally equal. | All interests should be granted equal consideration in the moral calculus. | Explaining the evils of racism and sexism requires equal consideration of interests. | Equal consideration of interests cannot be justly limited to humans, particularly not given marginal humans. | Tom Regan | Entities which possess sufficient consciousness are subjects-of-a-life. | All subjects-of-a-life possess equal inherent value. | Entities with inherent value possess an equal right to be treated with respect. | Respect for equal inherent value in principle denies the moral tolerability of discrimination. | Equal respect for inherent value cannot be justly limited to humans, particularly not given marginal humans. |
(Make your browser window maximally wide to enhance readability.)
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