The national park is named after its two mountains, Mount Semeru (the highest in Java at 3,676 metres), Mount Bromo (the most popular) and the Tengger people who inhabit the area.
Mount Semeru also known as Mahameru (“Great Mountain”), is one of Indonesia’s most active volcanoes. What stands out most about this mountain is the fact that it erupts periodically (and very reliably so). Every 20 minutes or so, the volcano belches out a huge cloud of steam and smoke, sometimes interspersed with ash and stones. Climbing Mount Semeru requires some planning and a permit from the national park authority. The mountain is often closed due to its highly active nature.
Mount Bromo (2,329 metres) is easily recognized as the entire top has been blown off and the crater inside constantly belches white sulphurous smoke. It sits inside the massive Tengger caldera (diameter approximately 10 km), surrounded by the Laut Pasir (Sea of Sand) of fine volcanic sand. The overall effect is unsettlingly unearthly, especially when compared to the lush green valleys all around the caldera.
The area around the mountain is inhabited by the Tenggerese, one of the few significant Hindu communities left on the island of Java. The local religion is a remnant from the Majapahit era and therefore quite similar to that on Bali. It is though quite low key with the only visible manifestations of faith being a few rather basic temples. Still, for many visitors, the sight of angular-faced, sunburned, moustachioed Tenggerese wrapped in poncho-like blankets, trotting about on ponies with craggy mountains as the backdrop more resembles Peru than Indonesia!
The major access point is Cemoro Lawang at the northeast edge, but there are also trails from Tosari (northwest) and Ngadas (west). The village of Ngadisari, on the road from Probolinggo about 5.5 km before Cemoro Lawang, marks the entrance to the national park. Both Cemoro Lawang and Ngadisari are rather picturesque, with brightly-painted houses and flower beds outside.
The nearest airport to get there is Juanda Airport of Surabaya. Frequent services are available from other large cities in the country including Jakarta and Bali as well as a few regional hubs.
The nearest larger town is Probolinggo, on the north coast of Java. It is about one hour from Probolinggo to Ngadisari and another half hour all the way to Cemoro Lawang, and it is possible to visit on a day trip, although most visitors prefer to climb overnight and see the sunrise. Public transport to Probolinggo is easy. There is a shuttle service from the Juanda International Airport in Surabaya to the main bus station where you can take an air-conditioned bus for a 2-3 hours ride to Probolinggo. (more…)