Calgary is on the verge of a decision to discontinue fluoridation of drinking water.
Since this decision will be difficult to reverse, it is important that it be based on credible scientific evidence and reason rather than emotion and anecdotes.
There seems to be three main arguments against continued fluoridation of Calgary's drinking water:
1. Drinking water fluoridation was effective in the past, but it is no longer needed.
False.
Tooth decay remains a problem for children.
Recently released data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey show that, among a nationally representative sample of Canadian children age 6-11, more than half are affected by tooth decay.
When a health problem is common, it makes sense to consider wide-ranging measures.
Drinking water is a highly cost-effective way of providing fluoride to all.
Another reason that drinking water fluoridation is still needed is that it is equitable: It is an efficient way to provide fluoride to all, regardless of income, education, or access to a dentist.
Children whose parents do not have private dental insurance (e.g. through employment) have more tooth decay than those with insurance.
One-third of families with young children, according to the Canadian Health Measures Survey, do not have private dental insurance.
Research has shown that in regions without fluoridation, the gap in oral health between the rich and the poor is much greater than in regions with fluoridation. To ensure fluoride for all, there is currently no practical alternative to drinking water fluoridation.
Make no mistake - the up side of dental health is considerable.
Numerous studies show a direct relationship between poor dental health and overall health, including diabetes, heart disease and respiratory illnesses.
2. Drinking water fluoridation is unsafe, or poisonous.
False.
Credible scientific research continues to support the conclusion that water fluoridation is safe at optimal levels (0.7 ppm).
In April 2008, Health Canada released findings and recommendations from a Fluoride Expert Panel. The panel found no compelling evidence to link fluoride with an increased risk of cancer, bone fracture, or any other health concerns.
The most common consequence of excess fluoride is fluorosis, or mottling of the teeth.
The Fluoride Expert Panel found the existence of moderate dental fluorosis in the population is a potential indicator of too much fluoride.
Among children in the Canadian Health Measures Survey, none had moderate dental fluorosis.
Where fluorosis does occur, dental experts suspect that it's caused by children ingesting fluoride toothpaste, or use of fluoride supplements.
3. Drinking water fluoridation is an assault to our personal freedom.
Drinking water fluoridation is a public health measure.
Public health aims to improve the health of the population.
It values the collective good, and is based on a principle of providing conditions that enable health, without undue coercion.
Three criteria are often used to justify a public health measure: Reduction of health inequities, reduction of ill health, and concern for children who constitute a vulnerable group.
Drinking water fluoridation is justified on all three grounds. Further, it is possible to opt out: One can purchase alternatives to tap water.
Bottom line: The decision to discontinue drinking water fluoridation in Calgary must be based on scientific research and reason - rather than myths and anecdotes.
So far, city council has rejected an offer by the University of Calgary's faculty of medicine to form an advisory panel to review the arguments and studies - pro and con - about fluoridation.
Calgarians should be concerned about council's dismissal of evidence and reason.
Lindsay McLaren, PhD, J.C. Herbert Emery, PhD and Lynn McIntyre, MD, are professors, Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary
Some people, like London's own
Butch McLarty, are pushing for the removal of fluoride from the drinking water. Butch points us to
Betty McLarty's list of studies that purport to defend the claim that fluoride in the drinking water is bad. I say puport as no link is provided to any of the studies, or to an abstract. Other than heading to the Lawson Library for a couple of weeks and tracking down every journal listed from the microfiche archive, we'll have to take Butch's word that he, or Betty, have read every study or abstract, and that they do indeed defend removing fluoride from the drinking water.
On the other hand, here is an abstract you can read. This one is a bit more current than Ms. McLarty's offerings.
The Long Term Effects of Water Fluoridation on the Human Skeleton:
Abstract
Municipal water fluoridation has notably reduced the incidence of dental caries and is widely considered a public health success. However, ingested fluoride is sequestered into bone, as well as teeth, and data on the long-term effect of exposure to these very low doses of fluoride remain inconclusive. Epidemiological studies suggest that effects of fluoride on bone are minimal. We hypothesized that the direct measurement of bone tissue from individuals residing in municipalities with and without fluoridated water would reveal a relationship between fluoride content and structural or mechanical properties of bone. However, consonant with the epidemiological data, only a weak relationship among fluoride exposure, accumulated fluoride, and the physical characteristics of bone was observed. Analysis of our data suggests that the variability in heterogenous urban populations may be too high for the effects, if any, of low-level fluoride administration on skeletal tissue to be discerned.
Like all debates of this kind, whether it's over the ill-effects of wifi, or wind turbines, or vaccines,
nothing new is said.
So, before the screaming and the threats of violence start (oh yes, this can be a vitriolic crowd if they don't get their way), why not read some more facts.
For more information, please visit the websites of the following professional organizations:
Here's another fact sheet on fluoridation from the USDA:
fluoridation facts.
If you want to believe the purveyors of woo, like Chris Gupta, one of the major anti-fluoride minstrels in the area, just check out his
website. He'll tell you all about how dentists are conspiring to
poison our babies (because that just makes sense), how vitamin C can cure cancer, how cholesterol-lowering drugs are a scam, how red wine will heal your lungs, and, of course, how vaccines cause everything from ADD to Multiple Sclerosis.
So who you gonna trust?