1777
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This article is about the year 1777.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 17th century – 18th century – 19th century |
| Decades: | 1740s 1750s 1760s – 1770s – 1780s 1790s 1800s |
| Years: | 1774 1775 1776 – 1777 – 1778 1779 1780 |
| 1777 by topic: | |
| Arts and Sciences | |
| Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science | |
| Countries | |
| Canada – Great Britain – United States | |
| Lists of leaders | |
| Colonial governors – State leaders | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Works category | |
| Works | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1777 MDCCLXXVII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2530 |
| Armenian calendar | 1226 ԹՎ ՌՄԻԶ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6527 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -67–-66 |
| Bengali calendar | 1184 |
| Berber calendar | 2727 |
| British Regnal year | 17 Geo. 3 – 18 Geo. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2321 |
| Burmese calendar | 1139 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7285–7286 |
| Chinese calendar | 丙申年十一月廿二日 (4413/4473-11-22) — to —
丁酉年十二月初二日(4414/4474-12-2) |
| Coptic calendar | 1493–1494 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1769–1770 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5537–5538 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1833–1834 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1699–1700 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4878–4879 |
| Holocene calendar | 11777 |
| Iranian calendar | 1155–1156 |
| Islamic calendar | 1190–1191 |
| Japanese calendar | An'ei 6 (安永6年) |
| Korean calendar | 4110 |
| Minguo calendar | 135 before ROC 民前135年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2320 |
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Year 1777 (MDCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar.
[edit] Events
[edit] January–June
- January 2 – American Revolution – Second Battle of Trenton: George Washington's army fights the Second Battle of Trenton, New Jersey.
- January 3 – American Revolution – Battle of Princeton: American general George Washington defeats British general Charles Cornwallis.
- January 12 – Mission Santa Clara de Asís is founded in what is now Santa Clara, California.
- January 15 – Vermont declares its independence from New York, becoming the Vermont Republic, an independent country, a status it retains until it joins the United States as the 14th state in 1791.
- May 16 – Lachlan McIntosh and Button Gwinnett shoot each other during a duel near Savannah, Georgia. Gwinnett, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, dies 3 days later.
- June 13 – American Revolution: The Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina to help the Continental Congress train its army.
- June 14 – The Stars and Stripes is adopted by the Continental Congress as the Flag of the United States.
[edit] July–December
- August 16 – American Revolution – Battle of Bennington: British forces are defeated by American troops.
- September 3 – American Revolution – Cooch's Bridge: In a minor skirmish in New Castle County, Delaware, the Flag of the United States was flown in battle for the first time.
- September 11 – American Revolution – Battle of Brandywine: The British gain a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
- September 19 – American Revolution – First Battle of Saratoga: Battle of Freeman's Farm: Patriot forces withstand a British attack at Saratoga, New York
- September 26 – American Revolution – British troops occupy Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War.
- October 4 – American Revolution – Battle of Germantown: Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe.
- October 7 – American Revolution – Second Battle of Saratoga: Battle of Bemis Heights: British General John Burgoyne is defeated by American troops.
- October 17 – American Revolution – Battle of Saratoga: British General John Burgoyne surrenders to the American troops.
- November 15 – American Revolution: After 16 months of debate, the Continental Congress approves the Articles of Confederation in the temporary American capital at York, Pennsylvania.
- November 17 – The Articles of Confederation are submitted to the states for ratification.
- November 29 – San Jose, California is founded. It is the first pueblo in Spanish Alta California.
- December 19 – American Revolution: George Washington's Continental Army goes into winter quarters at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
- December 20 – Morocco becomes the first nation to formally recognize the American colonies thereby beginning Morocco – United States relations.[1]
- December 24 – Kiritimati is discovered by James Cook.
[edit] Date unknown
- The 2nd edition of Encyclopædia Britannica is published.
- The code duello is adopted at the Clonmell Summer Assizes as the form for pistol duels in Ireland. It is quickly denounced but nevertheless widely adopted throughout the English-speaking world.
- Kunsthochschule Kassel is founded
[edit] Births
[edit] January–March
- January – William Barton (Middlesex cricketer), English cricketer (d. 1825)
- January 2 – Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor (d. 1857)
- January 7 – Lorenzo Bartolini, Italian sculptor (d. 1850)
- January 13 – Elisa Bonaparte, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, sister of Napoleon Bonaparte (d. 1820)
- January 25 – Karoline Jagemann, German actor (d.1848)
- February 3 – John Cheyne (physician), British physician, surgeon and author (d. 1836)
- February 10 – Amable Berthelot, Quebec lawyer, author and political figure (d. 1847)
- February 12
- Friedrich de la Motte Fouque, French poet (d. 1843)
- Bernard Courtois, French chemist (d. 1838)
- February 18 – Andreas Arntzen, Norwegian politician (d. 1837)
- February 20 – Zacheus Burnham, Canadian farmer, judge and public figure (d. 1857)
- March 3 – Adolphe Dureau de la Malle, French geographer, naturalist, historian and artist (d. 1857)
- March 10 – Robert Allison (Pennsylvania), U.S. Representative (d. 1840)
- March 13 – Charles Lot Church, Nova Scotia politician (d. 1864)
- March 17
- Roger Taney, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1864)
- Patrick Brontë, Irish Anglican curate and writer; father of writers Charlotte, Emily and Anne Brontë (d. 1861)
- March 19 – José María Bustamante, Mexican composer (d. 1861)
[edit] April–June
- April 11 – William Addams, United States Congressman (d. 1858)
- April 12 – Henry Clay, American statesman (d. 1852)
- April 16 – John Alexander (Ohio), U.S. Representative (d. 1848)
- April 30 – Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (d. 1855)
- May 4 – Richard Bourke, Australian governor (d. 1855)
- May 11 – Samuel Bridger, English cricketer
- May 18 – John George Children, British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist (d. 1852)
- June 12 – Robert Clark, American politician (d. 1837)
- June 14 – Heman Allen (of Milton), U.S. Representative (d. 1844)
- June 15 – David Daniel Davis, British physician (d. 1841)
- June 22
- Andrzej Alojzy Ankwicz, Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1838)
- William Brown (admiral), Irish-born first admiral of Argentina (d. 1857)
- June 23 – Frederick Bates, American politician (b. 1825)
[edit] July–September
- July – Thomas Clayton, American lawyer and politician (d. 1854)
- July 9 – Henry Hallam, English historian (d. 1859)
- July 26 – Robert Hamilton Bishop, Scottish-American educator and minister (d. 1855)
- July 27
- Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes, German physicist (d. 1834)
- Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet (d. 1844)
- Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, British peer and soldier (d. 1853)
- July 31 – Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentine statesman and priest (d. 1849)
- August 11 – Giuseppe Bossi, Italian painter (d. 1815)
- August 14 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist and chemist (d. 1851)
- August 23 – Princess Adélaïde of Orléans, French princess (d. 1847)
- August 29 – Nikita Bichurin, Russian monk (d. 1853)
- August 31 – Alexander Bashilov, Russian general (d. 1847)
- September 9 – James Carr (Massachusetts politician), U.S. Congressman (d. 1818)
- September 12 – Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, French zoologist and anatomist (d. 1850)
- September 25 – Joseph Badeaux, Canadian politician (d. 1835)
[edit] October–December
- October 1 – Zaro Aga (claimed to have been born this year or 1774; d. 1934)
- October 16
- Lorenzo Dow, American Methodist preacher (d. 1834)
- Levi Barber, surveyor, court administrator, banker and legislator (d. 1833)
- October 18 – Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais, French general (d. 1809)
- November 7 – Richard Bassett (clergyman), Welsh cleric (d. 1852)
- November 14 – Nathaniel Claiborne, U.S. politician (d. 1859)
- November 24 – Samuel Butts, militia officer (d. 1814)
- December 1 – Thomas Bradford (British Army officer), British Army officer (d. 1853)
- December 4 – Madame Récamier, French writer (d. 1849)
- December 14 – Du Pré Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon, Irish peer, landlord and colonial administrator (d. 1839)
- December 15 – Agostino Aglio, Italian painter, decorator and engraver (d. 1857)
- December 21 – John Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll, Scottish peer and Whig politician (d. 1847)
- December 23 – Emperor Alexander I of Russia (d. 1825)
- December 24 – Barbara Ann Spooner Wilberforce, Wife of English Abolitionist William Wilberforce (d. 1847)
[edit] Date unknown
- Suleiman al-Halabi, Syrian student and assassin (d. 1800)
- Carlos Anaya, Uruguayan politician (d. 1862)
- Charles James Apperley, English sportsman and sporting writer (d. 1843)
- Carlo Armellini, Italian politician, activist and jurist (d. 1863)
- Mevlana Halid-i Bagdadi, Ottoman mystic (d. 1826)
- Connell James Baldwin, Irish soldier and civil servant (d. 1861)
- Karl Friedrich Becker, German educator and historian (d. 1806)
- Vicente Benavides, Chilean soldier (d. 1822)
- John Bennett (Hampshire cricketer) (d. 1857)
- William Bellinger Bulloch, U.S. Senator (d. 1852)
- Sophia Campbell, Australian artist (d. 1833)
- Abiel Chandler, U.S. philanthropist (d. 1851)
- John Claiborne, U.S. politician (d. 1808)
- Charles Othon Frédéric Jean-Baptiste de Clarac, French artist, scholar and archaeologist (d. 1847)
- Thomas Cochran (judge), Canadian judge (d. 1804)
- William Conner, American trader and politician (d. 1855)
- Anselmo de la Cruz, Chilean political figure (d. 1833)
- Thomas Day (Connecticut), American judge (d. 1855)
- Benjamin d'Urban, British general and colonial administrator (d. 1849)
- Tu'i Malila, the longest living animal (a tortoise) on record (d. 1965)
[edit] Deaths
- January 10 – Spranger Barry, Irish actor (b. 1719)
- January 12 – Hugh Mercer, American Revolutionary War officer (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1726)
- February 9 – Seth Pomeroy, American gunsmith and soldier (b. 1706)
- February 24 – King Joseph I of Portugal (b. 1714)
- March 1 – Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (b. 1715)
- May 11 – George Pigot, Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras (b. 1719)
- May 19 – Button Gwinnett, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1735)
- September 22 – John Bartram, American botanist (b. 1699)
- September 25 – Johann H. Lambert, mathematician, physicist and astronomer (b. 1728)
- October 4 – Francis Nash, Brigider general killed at the Battle of Germantown
- October 7 – Simon Fraser, British general during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1729)
- October 21 – Samuel Foote, English dramatist and actor (b. 1720)
- November 10 – Cornstalk, Shawnee chief
- November 13 – William Bowyer (printer), English printer (b. 1699)
- December – Dolly Pentreath, claimed to be the last speaker of the Cornish language
[edit] References
- ^ Bookin-Weiner, Jerome B. "The Origins of Moroccan American Relations" in THE ATLANTIC CONNECTION: 200 Years of Moroccan-American Relations 1786-1986, Bookin-Weiner, Jerome B. and El Mansour, Mohammed eds. Edino Press, 1990. Pg. 20
