1812

This article is about the year 1812. For the work by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture. For other uses, see 1812 (disambiguation).

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1780s  1790s  1800s  – 1810s –  1820s  1830s  1840s
Years:	1809 1810 1811 – 1812 – 1813 1814 1815

1812 in topic:

Humanities

Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music

By country

Australia – Canada – France – Germany – Mexico – South Africa – US – UK

Other topics

Rail Transport – Science – Sports

Lists of leaders

Colonial Governors – State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1812 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1812 MDCCCXII
Ab urbe condita	2565
Armenian calendar	1261 ԹՎ ՌՄԿԱ
Assyrian calendar	6562
Bahá'í calendar	-32–-31
Bengali calendar	1219
Berber calendar	2762
British Regnal year	52 Geo. 3 – 53 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar	2356
Burmese calendar	1174
Byzantine calendar	7320–7321
Chinese calendar	辛未年十一月十七日 (4448/4508-11-17) — to — 壬申年十一月廿八日 (4449/4509-11-28)
Coptic calendar	1528–1529
Ethiopian calendar	1804–1805
Hebrew calendar	5572–5573
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1868–1869
- Shaka Samvat	1734–1735
- Kali Yuga	4913–4914
Holocene calendar	11812
Iranian calendar	1190–1191
Islamic calendar	1226–1227
Japanese calendar	Bunka 9 (文化9年)
Korean calendar	4145
Minguo calendar	100 before ROC 民前100年
Thai solar calendar	2355

Year 1812 (MDCCCXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 1 – The Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire.
• February 2 – Russia establishes a fur trading colony at Fort Ross, California.
• February 7 – The last New Madrid Earthquake strikes New Madrid, Missouri, with an estimated moment magnitude of over 8;
• February 11 – Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry invents gerrymandering.
• February 12 – Napoleon authorizes the usage of Mesures usuelles, the basis of the Metric System.
• February 13 – First Chilean newspaper La Aurora de Chile is dealing with political philosophy and standing in favor of the new national government.
• February 27 – Poet Lord Byron gives his first address as a member of the House of Lords, in defense of Luddite violence against Industrialism in his home county of Nottinghamshire.
• March 12 – The Cádiz Cortes, in exile, create the first modern Spanish constitution.
• March 15 – Luddites attack the wool processing factory of Frank Vickerman in West Yorkshire.
• March 26 – An earthquake destroys Caracas, Venezuela.

April–June

• April 4 – U.S. President James Madison enacts a 90-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom.
• April 30 – Louisiana is admitted as the 18th U.S. state.
• May 11 – John Bellingham assassinates British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval in the lobby of the British House of Commons.
• May 25 – Felling mine disaster: A mine explosion at the Felling colliery near Jarrow, England leaves 96 dead.
• May 28 – Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov signs the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812 and making Bessarabia a part of Imperial Russia.
• June 1 – War of 1812: U.S. President James Madison asks the U.S. Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.
• June 4 – Following Louisiana's admittance as a U.S. state, the territory by that name is renamed the Missouri Territory.
• June 16 – New York State charters City Bank of New York, which later became Citibank.
• June 18 – The War of 1812 begins between the United States and the British Empire.
• June 24 – Napoleon's Grande Armée crosses the Niemen River and invades Russia (see French invasion of Russia).

July–September

• July 12 – Americans invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
• July 18 – Russia's Patriotic War – Battle of Klyastitsy: Kulnev defeats Oudinot but sustains a mortal wound.
• July 22 – Peninsular War – Battle of Salamanca: British forces led by Lord Wellington defeat French troops near Salamanca in Spain.
• August 5 – War of 1812: Tecumseh's Indian force ambushes Thomas Van Horne's 200 Americans at Brownstone Creek, causing them to flee and retreat.
• August 12 – Peninsular War: The combined English and Portuguese army under the command of Wellington enters Madrid following the Battle of Salamanca.
• August 16 – War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army.
• August 19 – War of 1812: The USS Constitution defeats the British frigate Guerrière off the coast of Nova Scotia. The British shot is said to have bounced off the Constitution's sides, earning her the nickname "Old Ironsides".
• September 7 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Borodino: The bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic wars ends in a tactical victory for Napoleon.
• September 14 – Napoleon's troops enter Moscow, which is deliberately set on fire by Muscovites on orders of Fyodor Rostopchin.

Raevsky Battery in the Battle of Borodino.

October–December

• October – The capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States is permanently moved from Lancaster to Harrisburg.
• October 9 – War of 1812: American naval forces under Lieutenant Jesse Duncan Elliott capture two British warships, HMS Detroit and HMS Caledonia.
• October 13 – War of 1812 – Battle of Queenston Heights: As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock he dies during the battle).
• October 18–October 20 – Second Battle of Polotsk – Russia
• October 19 – Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow.
• October 24 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Maloyaroslavets: An inconclusive encounter between the French vanguard and a Russian force leads Napoleon to decide to retreat along the same line as his advance, with disastrous results.
• November 5 – James Madison defeats DeWitt Clinton in the U.S. presidential election.
• November 7 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Vyazma: Napoleon's retreating army is defeated.
• November 10 – A general election in the United Kingdom sees victory for the Tory Party under Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool.
• December 20 – The first volume of Grimm's Fairy Tales is published.
• December 29 – War of 1812: The USS Constitution defeats the British frigate Java off the coast of Brazil.
• December 30 – Convention of Tauroggen is signed.

Date unknown

• The Bishop James Madison Society is founded at the College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.
• The Old Oscar Pepper Distillery (now the Woodford Reserve Distillery), the oldest Kentucky Bourbon distillery, is established along Glenn's Creek in Woodford County, Kentucky.
• The capital of Finland is moved from Turku to Helsinki.

Births

• January 6 – Melchora Aquino, Filipino revolutionary hero (d. 1919)
• January 13 – Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (d. 1883)
• February 3 – William Fraser Tolmie, Scottish-Canadian scientist and politician (d. 1886)
• February 7 – Charles Dickens, English writer (d. 1870)
• February 11 – Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America (d. 1883)
• February 15 – Charles Lewis Tiffany, American jeweler (d. 1902)
• February 29 – Sir James Milne Wilson, Premier of Tasmania (d. 1880)
• March 1 – Augustus Pugin, English-born architect (d. 1852)
• March 6 – Aaron Lufkin Dennison American watch manufacturer (d. 1895)
• March 22 – Stephen Pearl Andrews, American anarchist and abolitionist (d. 1886)
• April 22 – Solomon Caesar Malan, Swiss-born orientalist (d. 1894)
• April 27
  • Friedrich von Flotow, German composer (d. 1883)
  • William W. Snow, American politician (d. 1886)
• April 29 – Emilie Högquist, Swedish dramatic star (d. 1846)
• May 7 – Robert Browning, English poet (d. 1889)
• June 9 – Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (d. 1910)
• June 14 – Fernando Wood, New York City Mayor (d. 1881)
• July 2 – Nathaniel de Rothschild, French wine grower (d. 1870)
• November 14 – Aleardo Aleardi, Italian poet (d. 1878)
• December 24 – Karl Eduard Zachariae, German jurist (d. 1894)

Date unknown

• Mohan Lal (Zutshi), Indian traveler (d. 1877)

Deaths

• January 23 – Robert Craufurd, British general (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1764)
• March 7 – Isaac Swainson, English botanist (b. 1746)
• April 20 – George Clinton, 4th Vice President of the United States (b. 1739)
• April 25 – Edmond Malone, Irish scholar (b. 1741)
• May 11 – Spencer Perceval, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (assassinated) (b. 1762)
• May 12 – Martha Ballard, American diarist and midwife
• May 18 – John Bellingham, British assassin of Spencer Perceval
• September 19 – Mayer Amschel Rothschild, German banker (b. 1744)
• September 21 – Emanuel Schikaneder German dramatist, actor, and singer (b. 1751)
• October 13 – Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1769)
• December 20 – Sacagawea, Shoshone guide
• December 24 – George Beck, American artist and poet (b. 1749)