Ifriqiya

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In medieval history, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah (Arabic: إفريقية‎ Ifrīqiya) was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria. This area included what had been the Roman province of Africa, whose name it inherited.

Ifriqiya was bounded on the south by the semi-arid areas and salt marshes called el-Djerid. At various times, the rulers of this area also conquered Sicily, and the western boundary was in continual flux but usually went as far as Bejaia. Its capital was Qayrawan (Kairouan) in central Tunisia.

Arabic Thought and its Place in History, De Lacy O'Leary, London: Kegan, Paul [1922], p. 227-8 says: "Gradually the Arabs spread all along North Africa and down to the desert edge, their tribes as a rule occupying the lower ground, whilst the older population had its chief centres in the mountainous districts. During the invasion of 45 (A.H.) the city of Kairouan (Qairouan, Qayrawan) was founded some distance south of Tunis. The site was badly chosen, and is now marked only by ruins and a scanty village, but for some centuries it served as the capital city of Ifrikiya, which was the name given to the province lying next to Egypt, embracing the modern states of Tripoli, Tunis, and the eastern part of Algeria up to the meridian of Bougie."

From their base in Kairouan the Aghlabids conquered Sicily, beginning in 827 and establishing the Emirate of Sicily, which lasted until it was displaced by the Normans, effecting lasting changes in Sicilian culture.

Contents

[edit] Rulers of Ifriqiya

[edit] Umayyad Governors of Ifriqiya

[edit] Fihrid Emirs of Ifriqiya

[edit] Kharijite rulers

[edit] Abbasid governors in Kairouan (Muhallabids)

  • Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath (from Fustat), 761-765
  • Aysa ibn Mussa, 765
  • al-Aghlab ibn Salim at-Tamimi, 765-67
  • Omar ibn Hafs, 767-771
  • Yazid ibn Hatim, 772-787
  • Dawoud ibn Yazid (temporary), 787-788
  • Rouh ibn Hatim, 788-791
  • Nasr ibn Habib el-Mohellebi, 791-793
  • al-Fadl ibn Rouh, 793-795
  • Abd Allah ibn al-Djarud, 795
  • Herthema ibn Ayan, 795-797
  • Muhammad ibn Mocatel, 797-800

[edit] Aghlabid Emirs of Ifriqiya

[edit] Fatimid Caliphs in Ifriqiya

[edit] Zirid rulers of Ifriqiya

invasion of the Banu Hillal (1057) - Kairouan destroyed, Zirids reduced to tiny coastal strip, remainder fragments into petty Bedouin emirates,

Ifriqiyan coast annexed by Norman Sicily (1143-1156)
All of Ifriqiya conquered and annexed by the Almohads (1160)

[edit] Hafsid governors of Ifriqiya

[edit] Hafsid caliphs of Ifriqiya

[edit] Sources

  • Ibn Khaldun, Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique; traduite de l'arabe par le baron de Slane; nouv. éd / pub. sous la direction de Paul Casanova, et suivie d'une bibliographie d'Ibn Khaldoun. 4 vols. Paris: P. Geuthner, 1925-34.
  • Julien, Charles-André, Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830, édition originale Paris: Payot, 1931, réédition Payot, Paris, 1961

[edit] See also

Coordinates: 35°00′N 7°00′E / 35°N 7°E / 35; 7

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