1849

This article is about the year 1849.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1810s  1820s  1830s  – 1840s –  1850s  1860s  1870s
Years:	1846 1847 1848 – 1849 – 1850 1851 1852

1849 in topic:

Humanities

Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music

By country

Australia – Canada – France – Germany – Mexico – Philippines – South Africa – US – UK

Other topics

Rail Transport – Science – Sports

Lists of leaders

Colonial Governors – State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1849 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1849 MDCCCXLIX
Ab urbe condita	2602
Armenian calendar	1298 ԹՎ ՌՄՂԸ
Assyrian calendar	6599
Bahá'í calendar	5–6
Bengali calendar	1256
Berber calendar	2799
British Regnal year	12 Vict. 1 – 13 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2393
Burmese calendar	1211
Byzantine calendar	7357–7358
Chinese calendar	戊申年十二月初七日 (4485/4545-12-7) — to — 己酉年十一月十八日 (4486/4546-11-18)
Coptic calendar	1565–1566
Ethiopian calendar	1841–1842
Hebrew calendar	5609–5610
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1905–1906
- Shaka Samvat	1771–1772
- Kali Yuga	4950–4951
Holocene calendar	11849
Iranian calendar	1227–1228
Islamic calendar	1265–1266
Japanese calendar	Kaei 2 (嘉永2年)
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4182
Minguo calendar	63 before ROC 民前63年
Thai solar calendar	2392

Year 1849 (MDCCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 1 -- France issues Ceres, France's first postage stamp.
• January 12 – Palermo, Sicily rises up against Austrian troops.
• January 13 – Second Anglo-Sikh War – British forces retreat from the Battle of Tooele.
• January 21 – General elections are held in the Papal States.
• January 23 – Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Medical Institute of Geneva, New York, thus becoming the United States' first woman doctor.
• January 27 – The Fayetteville and Western Plank Road Company is incorporated to build a plank road from Fayetteville, North Carolina to Bethania, North Carolina.
• January 31 – The Corn Laws are abolished in the United Kingdom (following legislation in 1846).
• February 8 – The New Roman Republic is established.
• February 14 – In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first President of the United States to have his photograph taken.
• February 28 – Regular steamboat service from the west to the east coast of the United States begins with the arrival of the SS California in San Francisco Bay. The California leaves New York Harbor on October 6, 1848, rounds Cape Horn at the tip of South America, and arrives at San Francisco, California after the 4 month 21 day journey.
• March – The Frankfurt Parliament completes its drafting of a liberal constitution and elects Frederick William IV emperor of the new German national state.
• March 3
  • Census Office within the Department of Interior (Census Board).
  • GLO transferred to the Department of Interior.
  • Minnesota becomes a United States territory.
  • Office of Indian Affairs transferred to Department of the Interior.
  • Patent and Trademark Office transferred to the Department of Interior.
  • The United States Department of the Interior is established.
  • The U.S. Congress passes the Gold Coinage Act allowing the minting of gold coins.
• March 4 – Zachary Taylor refuses to be sworn in office on a Sabbath (Sunday). Urban legend holds that David Rice Atchison, President pro tempore of the United States Senate was President de jure for a single day.
• March 5 – Zachary Taylor, the 12th President of the United States of America, takes his oath of office.
• March 28 – Four Christians are ordered burnt alive in Antananarivo, Madagascar by Queen Ranavalona I and 14 others are executed.
• March 29 – The United Kingdom annexes the Punjab.

April–June

• April 1 – After 10 days, the insurrection in Brescia is ended by Austrian troops.
• April 2 – The Revolutions of 1848 in the German states end and fail.
• April 14 – Hungary declares independence from Austria.
• April 21 – Irish Potato Famine: 96 inmates of the overcrowded Ballinrobe Union Workhouse die over the course of the preceding week from illness and other famine-related conditions, a record high.
• April 25 – James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, the Governor General of Canada, signs the Rebellion Losses Bill, outraging Montreal's English population and triggering the Montreal Riots.
• April 27 – Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Rome to defend it from the French troops of General Oudinot.
• May – The Second Carlist War ends in Spain.
• May 3
  • The May Uprising in Dresden (the last of the German revolutions of 1848) begins.
  • The Mississippi River levee at Sauvé's Crevasse breaks, flooding much of New Orleans, Louisiana.
• May 10 – The Astor Place Riot takes place over a dispute between two Shakesperean actors. Over 20 people are killed.
• May 15 – Troops of the Two Sicilies take Palermo and crush the republican government of Sicily.
• May 17 – The St. Louis Fire starts when a steamboat catches fire and nearly burns down the entire city.
• June 5 – Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy.
• June 6 – Fort Worth, Texas is founded.

July–September

• July 3 – French troops occupy Rome; the Roman Republic surrenders.
• July 6 – The Danish Army beats the Prussian army at Fredericia, Jutland, thereby putting an end to the Prussian/Danish War until 1864.
• August 8 – Austria crushes the Hungarian rebellion with Russian aid.
• August 24 – Venice surrenders to Austrian troops after a 4-month siege.
• September 1 – The first segment of the Pennsylvania Railroad, from Lewiston, Pennsylvania to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, opens for service.

October–December

• October 6 – The 13 Martyrs of Arad are executed after the Hungarian War of Independence.
• November – Austin College receives a charter in Huntsville.
• November 13 – The Constitution of California is ratified in a general election.
• November 16 – A Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group, but his execution is cancelled at the last minute.

Date unknown

• The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the North Carolina Railroad to complete a rail line from Goldsboro through Raleigh and Salisbury to Charlotte.

Births

January–June

• January 9 – John Hartley, English tennis player, double winner of Wimbledon (d. 1935)
• January 14 – James Moore, winner of the first ever cycle race (d. 1935)
• January 18
  • Edmund Barton, first Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1920)
  • Aleksander Świętochowski, Polish writer of the Positivist period (d. 1938)
• January 22 – August Strindberg, Swedish author, playwright, and painter (d. 1912)
• February 13 – Lord Randolph Churchill, British statesman (d. 1895)
• February 18 – Alexander Kielland, Norwegian author (d. 1906)
• February 19 – Giovanni Passannante, Italian anarchist (d. 1910)
• February 22 – Nikolay Yakovlevich Sonin, Russian mathematician (d. 1915)
• March 2 – Robert Means Thompson, American naval officer (d. 1930)
• March 7 – Luther Burbank, American biologist and botanist (d. 1926)
• March 19 – Alfred von Tirpitz, German admiral (d. 1930)
• April 6 – John William Waterhouse, Italian-born artist (d. 1917)
• May 3 – Bernhard von Bülow, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929)
• May 22 – Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1913)
• June 9 – Michael Peter Ancher, Danish painter (d. 1927)

July–December

• July 22 – Emma Lazarus, American poet (d. 1887)
• July 29 – Max Nordau, Austrian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (d. 1923)
• August 28 – Benjamin Godard, French composer (d. 1895)
• September 3 – Sarah Orne Jewett, American writer (d. 1909)
• September 14 – Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Russian researcher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936)
• September 21 – Maurice Barrymore, British-American stage actor and playwright, (d. 1905)
• November 24 – Frances Hodgson Burnett, English-American playwright and author (d. 1924)
• November 29 – John Ambrose Fleming, English electrical engineer and inventor (d. 1945)
• December 4 – Crazy Horse, Chief of the Oglala Sioux (d. 1877)
• December 5 – Eduard Seler, Prussian scholar and Mesoamericanist (d. 1922)
• December 6 – August von Mackensen, German field marshal (d. 1945)
• December 12 – William Kissam Vanderbilt, American railway magnate (d. 1920)
• December 20 – Raymond P. Rodgers, American admiral (d. 1925)
• December 25 – Nogi Maresuke, Japanese general (d. 1912)

Date unknown

• Pavlos Karolidis, Greek historian (d. 1930)
• Muhammad Abduh, Islamic reformer (d. 1905)

Deaths

January–June

• January 30 – Jonathan Alder, American settler (b. 1773)
• February 8 – France Prešeren, Slovenian poet (b. 1800)
• March 14 – King Willem II of the Netherlands (b. 1792)
• March 18 – Antonin Moine, French sculptor (b. 1796)
• March 20 – James Justinian Morier, British diplomat and author (b. 1780)
• April 11 – Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentine statesman and priest (b. 1777)
• May 11 – Juliette Récamier, French socialite (b. 1777)
• May 11 – Carl Otto Nicolai, German Composer and Conductor (b. 1810)
• May 22 – Maria Edgeworth, Irish novelist (b. 1767)
• May 25 – Benjamin d'Urban, British general and colonial administrator (b. 1777)
• May 28 – Anne Brontë, English author (b. 1820)
• June 10 – Thomas Robert Bugeaud, Marshal of France and duke of Isly (b. 1784)
• June 15 – James Knox Polk, 11th President of the United States (b. 1795)

July–December

• July 12 – Dolley Madison, First Lady of the United States (b. 1768)
• July 28 – King Charles Albert of Sardinia (b. 1798)
• August 2 – Muhammad Ali of Egypt (b. 1769)
• September 25 – Johann Strauss, Senior, Austrian composer (b. 1804)
• October 7 – Edgar Allan Poe, American writer (b. 1809)
• October 17 – Frédéric Chopin, Polish-French musician and composer (b. 1810)
• October 22 – William Miller, American Baptist preacher (b. 1782)
• December 2 – Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen of William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1792)