March 30 is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 276 days remaining until the end of the year.
[edit] Events
- 1282 – The people of Sicily rebel against the Angevin king Charles I, in what becomes known as the Sicilian Vespers.
- 1296 – Edward I sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed, during armed conflict between Scotland and England.
- 1814 – Napoleonic Wars: Sixth Coalition forces march into Paris.
- 1814 – Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Declaration which would later inspire Italian Unification.
- 1822 – The Florida Territory is created in the United States.
- 1842 – Ether anesthesia is used for the first time, in an operation by the American surgeon Dr. Crawford Long.
- 1844 – One of the most important battles of the Dominican War of Independence from Haiti takes place near the city of Santiago de los Caballeros.
- 1855 – Origins of the American Civil War: Bleeding Kansas – "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro-slavery legislature.
- 1856 – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War.
- 1863 – Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece.
- 1867 – Alaska is purchased from Russia for $7.2 million, about 2 cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward.
- 1870 – Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction.
- 1885 – The Battle for Kushka triggers the Panjdeh Incident which nearly gives rise to war between the British Empire and Russian Empire.
- 1909 – The Queensboro Bridge opens, linking Manhattan and Queens.
- 1910 – The Mississippi Legislature founds The University of Southern Mississippi.
- 1912 – Sultan Abdelhafid signs the Treaty of Fez, making Morocco a French protectorate.
- 1918 – Outburst of bloody March Events in Baku and other locations of Baku Governorate.
- 1939 – The Heinkel He 100 fighter sets a world airspeed record of 463 mph (745km/h).
- 1940 – Sino-Japanese War: Japan declares Nanking capital of a new Chinese puppet government, nominally controlled by Wang Ching-wei.
- 1944 – World War II: Allied bombers conduct their most severe bombing run on Sofia, Bulgaria.
- 1944 – Allied bombing raid on Nuremberg. Along the English eastern coast 795 aircraft are despatched, including 572 Lancasters, 214 Halifaxes and 9 Mosquitos. The bombers meet resistance at the coasts of Belgium and the Netherlands from German fighters. In total, 95 bombers are lost, making it the largest Bomber Command loss of World War II.
- 1945 – World War II: Soviet Union forces invade Austria and take Vienna; Polish and Soviet forces liberate Gdańsk.
- 1949 – A riot breaks out in Austurvöllur square in Reykjavík, when Iceland joins NATO.
- 1954 – The Yonge Street subway line opens in Toronto. It is the first subway in Canada.
- 1961 – The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed in New York City.
- 1965 – Vietnam War: A car bomb explodes in front of the US Embassy, Saigon, killing 22 and wounding 183 others.
- 1972 – Vietnam War: The Easter Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam.
- 1976 – The first Land Day protests are held in Israel/Palestine.
- 1979 – Airey Neave, a British Member of Parliament, is killed by a car bomb as he exits the Palace of Westminster. The Irish National Liberation Army claims responsibility.
- 1981 – President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C., hotel by John Hinckley, Jr.
- 1982 – Space Shuttle program: STS-3 Mission is completed with the landing of Columbia at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico.
- 2006 – The United Kingdom Terrorism Act 2006 becomes a law.
- 2009 – Twelve gunmen attack the Manawan Police Academy in Lahore, Pakistan.
[edit] Births
- 1135 – Maimonides, Jewish philosopher (d. 1204)
- 1326 – Ivan II of Russia, Grand Duke of Muscovy (d. 1359)
- 1432 – Mehmed II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1481)
- 1640 – John Trenchard, English politician (d. 1695)
- 1727 – Tommaso Traetta, Italian composer (d. 1779)
- 1746 – Francisco Goya, Spanish painter (d. 1828)
- 1750 – John Stafford Smith, English composer (d. 1836)
- 1811 – Robert Bunsen, German chemist (d. 1899)
- 1820 – Anna Sewell, British author (d. 1878)
- 1830 – Mihály Zsupánek Slovene writer, poet and soldier
- 1844 – Paul Verlaine, French poet (d. 1896)
- 1853 – Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (d. 1890)
- 1857 – Leon Charles Thevenin, French telegraph engineer (d. 1926)
- 1863 – Mary Calkins, American philosopher and psychologist (d. 1930)
- 1864 – Franz Oppenheimer, German sociologist (d. 1943)
- 1874 – Charles Lightoller, British marine officer, second mate on board of the RMS Titanic (d. 1952)
- 1879 – Coen de Koning, Dutch ice skater (d. 1954)
- 1880 – Sean O'Casey, Irish dramatist (d. 1964)
- 1882 – Melanie Klein, British psychoanalyst (d. 1960)
- 1892 – Stefan Banach, Polish mathematician (d. 1945)
- 1892 – Fortunato Depero, Italian artist (d. 1960)
- 1892 – Erhard Milch, German field marshal (d. 1972)
- 1894 – Sergey Ilyushin, Russian aerospace engineer (d. 1977)
- 1895 – Jean Giono, French author (d. 1970)
- 1899 – Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay, Bengali writer (d. 1970)
- 1902 – Brooke Astor, American philanthropist (d. 2007)
- 1902 – Ted Heath, British musician and bandleader (d. 1969)
- 1903 – Countee Cullen, American poet (d. 1946)
- 1903 – Joy Ridderhof, American missionary (d. 1984)
- 1904 – Ripper Collins, American baseball player (d. 1970)
- 1905 – Albert Pierrepoint, English executioner (d. 1992)
- 1907 – Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, German Luftwaffe Officer (d. 1994)
- 1910 – Józef Marcinkiewicz, Polish mathematician (d. 1940)
- 1912 – Alvin Hamilton, Canadian politician (d. 2004)
- 1913 – Marc Davis, American animator (d. 2000)
- 1913 – Richard Helms, American CIA director (d. 2002)
- 1913 – Frankie Laine, American singer, songwriter, and actor (d. 2007)
- 1913 – Censu Tabone, Maltaian minister and nationalist, 4th President of Malta (d. 2012)
- 1914 – Sonny Boy Williamson I, American harmonica player and singer (d. 1948)
- 1919 – McGeorge Bundy, American National Security Advisor (d. 1996)
- 1921 – André Fontaine, French historian and journalist
- 1922 – Turhan Bey, Turkish actor
- 1923 – Milton Acorn, Canadian poet (d. 1986)
- 1926 – Ingvar Kamprad, Swedish entrepreneur, founder of IKEA
- 1926 – Peter Marshall, American game show host
- 1926 – Werner Torkanowsky, German conductor (d. 1992)
- 1928 – Robert Badinter, French politician
- 1928 – Tom Sharpe, English author
- 1929 – Richard Dysart, American actor
- 1930 – John Astin, American actor
- 1930 – Nicolas Browne-Wilkinson, English Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, Head of the Privy Council and Vice-Chancellor of the High Court
- 1930 – Rolf Harris, Australian musician, singer-songwriter, composer, painter and television personality
- 1933 – Luis Bacalov, Italian composer
- 1933 – Jean-Claude Brialy, French actor and director (d. 2007)
- 1933 – George Morfogen, American actor
- 1934 – Hans Hollein, Austrian architect
- 1935 – Karl Berger, German musicologist and musician
- 1935 – Willie Galimore, American football player (d. 1964)
- 1937 – Warren Beatty, American actor and director
- 1940 – Jerry Lucas, American basketball player
- 1940 – Hans Ragnemalm, Swedish professor and judge
- 1940 – Astrud Gilberto, Brazilian singer
- 1941 – Graeme Edge, British drummer and songwriter (Moody Blues)
- 1941 – Wasim Sajjad, Pakistan politician, President of Pakistan
- 1941 – Bob Smith, American politician
- 1942 – Ruben Kun, Nauruan politician, President of Nauru
- 1942 – Kenneth Welsh, Canadian actor
- 1943 – Ken Forssi, American musician (The Surfaris and Love) (d. 1998)
- 1945 – Eric Clapton, British guitarist (The Yardbirds and Cream)
- 1945 – Johnnie Walker, British radio disc jockey and broadcaster
- 1947 – Ryszard Kotla, Polish writer and activist
- 1948 – Mervyn King, British economist, Governor of the Bank of England
- 1948 – Eddie Jordan, Irish racing driver, founder and owner of Jordan Grand Prix
- 1949 – Naomi Sims, American model, businesswoman, and author (d. 2009)
- 1949 – Liza Frulla, Quebec politician
- 1949 – Ray Magliozzi, American radio personality
- 1950 – Robbie Coltrane, Scottish actor and comedian
- 1951 – Yves Séguin, Quebec politician and actor
- 1951 – Tina Monzon-Palma, Filipina journalist
- 1952 – Peter Knights, Australian footballer and coach
- 1955 – Randy VanWarmer, American singer and songwriter and guitarist (d. 2004)
- 1956 – Bill Butler, Scottish politician
- 1956 – Juanito Oiarzabal, Basque mountaineer
- 1956 – Shahla Sherkat, Iranian journalist
- 1957 – Michael Lehmann, American film and television director
- 1957 – Paul Reiser, American actor
- 1958 – Maurice LaMarche, Canadian voice actor
- 1959 – Peter Hugh McGregor Ellis, New Zealand child care worker and convicted child abuser
- 1959 – Sabine Meyer, German clarinetist
- 1959 – Andrew Bailey, British banker
- 1960 – Christoph M. Ohrt, German actor
- 1961 – Doug Wickenheiser, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1999)
- 1962 – Mark Begich, American Senator
- 1962 – Bil Dwyer, American actor
- 1962 – MC Hammer, American rapper
- 1963 – Eli-Eri Moura, Brazilian composer and conductor
- 1963 – Panagiotis Tsalouchidis, Greek footballer
- 1964 – Tracy Chapman, American singer-songwriter
- 1964 – Vlado Bozinovski, Australian footballer
- 1964 – Dave Ellett, Canadian hockey player
- 1964 – Ian Ziering, American actor
- 1965 – Piers Morgan, British journalist and television personality
- 1966 – Joey Castillo, American drummer (Queens of the Stone Age and Eagles of Death Metal)
- 1966 – Efstratios Grivas, Greek chess grandmaster and author
- 1967 – Christopher Bowman, American figure skater (d. 2008)
- 1967 – Megumi Hayashibara, Japanese voice actress and singer
- 1967 – Richard Hutten, Dutch designer
- 1968 – Donna D'Errico, American actress and model
- 1968 – Celine Dion, Canadian singer
- 1971 – Mark Consuelos, American actor
- 1971 – Mari Holden, American cycle racer
- 1972 – Mili Avital, Israeli-American actress
- 1972 – Makoto Nagano, Ninja Warrior Champion
- 1973 – Ali Ahmed Qatari athlete and archer
- 1973 – DJ AM, American DJ, musician, and Businessman (Crazy Town and TRV$DJAM) (d. 2009)
- 1973 – Robin Coleman, American actress and bodybuilder
- 1973 – Jan Koller, Czech footballer
- 1973 – Matthew Pritchard, Welsh stuntman
- 1975 – Paul Griffen, New Zealand-Italian rugby player
- 1975 – Haluk Piyes, Turkish-German actor
- 1975 – Bahar Soomekh, American actress
- 1976 – Jessica Cauffiel, American actress and singer
- 1976 – Ty Conklin, American ice hockey player
- 1976 – Matt Doran, Australian actor
- 1976 – Ayako Kawasumi, Japanese voice actress
- 1976 – Mark McClelland, Irish musician (Snow Patrol, Little Doses, and The Reindeer Section)
- 1976 – Obadele Thompson, Barbadian athlete
- 1978 – Chris Paterson, Scottish rugby player
- 1979 – Anatoliy Tymoschuk Ukrainian footballer
- 1979 – Norah Jones, American singer-songwriter and actress
- 1979 – Simon Webbe, English singer and actor (Blue)
- 1980 – Fiona Gubelmann, American actress
- 1980 – Ricardo Osorio, Mexican footballer
- 1980 – Yalın, Turkish singer and songwriter
- 1981 – Jammal Brown, American football player
- 1981 – Angie Greenup, American comedian and television host
- 1981 – Andrea Masi, Italian rugby player
- 1982 – Jason Dohring, American actor
- 1982 – Mark Hudson, English footballer
- 1982 – Philippe Mexès, French footballer
- 1983 – Jérémie Aliadière, French footballer
- 1983 – Zach Gowen, American wrestler
- 1983 – Scott Moffatt, Canadian singer, musician, and model (The Moffatts)
- 1983 – Davis Romero, Panamanian baseball player
- 1983 – Hebe Tien, Taiwanese singer and actress (S.H.E)
- 1984 – Mario Ančić, Croatian tennis player
- 1984 – Anna Nalick, American singer-songwriter
- 1984 – Samantha Stosur, Australian tennis player
- 1986 – Beni, Japanese singer and songwriter
- 1986 – Simon R. Baker, Aboriginal-Canadian actor
- 1986 – Sergio Ramos, Spanish footballer
- 1987 – Marc-Edouard Vlasic, Canadian hockey player
- 1987 – Trent Barreta, American wrestler
- 1988 – Thanasis Papazoglou, Greek footballer
- 1989 – Chris Sale, American baseball player
- 1990 – Allie Gonino, American actress
- 1990 – Cassie Scerbo, American actress
- 1990 – Lee Gi Kwang, Korean singer and dancer (BEAST)
- 1990 – Rodney Strasser, Sierra Leonean footballer
- 1991 – Kim Grajdek, German tennis player
- 1994 – Sarah Solovay, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
[edit] Deaths
- 365 – Jin Aidi, emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (b. 341)
- 987 – Arnulf II of Flanders
- 1202 – Joachim of Fiore
- 1486 – Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury
- 1526 – Konrad Mutian, German humanist (b. 1471)
- 1540 – Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg, German statesman and Archbishop of Salzburg (b. 1469)
- 1559 – Adam Ries, German mathematician (b. 1492)
- 1587 – Ralph Sadler, English statesman (b. 1507)
- 1662 – François le Métel de Boisrobert, French poet (b. 1592)
- 1707 – Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, French architect (b. 1633)
- 1764 – Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (b. 1695)
- 1783 – William Hunter, Scottish anatomist (b. 1718)
- 1804 – Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, French aristocrat and soldier, Marshal of France (b. 1718)
- 1806 – Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (b. 1757)
- 1830 – Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden (b. 1763)
- 1840 – Beau Brummell, English fashion arbiter (b. 1778)
- 1842 – Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, French painter (b. 1755)
- 1864 – Louis Schindelmeisser, German clarinetist, conductor and composer (b. 1811)
- 1873 – Bénédict Morel, French physician (b. 1809)
- 1879 – Thomas Couture, French painter and teacher (b. 1815)
- 1886 – Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, French Canadian politician (b. 1838)
- 1896 – Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek politician, seven times prime minister (b. 1832)
- 1908 – Chester Gillette, American convicted murderer of Grace Brown (b. 1883)
- 1912 – Karl May, German author (b. 1842)
- 1925 – Rudolf Steiner, Austrian philosopher (b. 1861)
- 1935 – Romanos Melikian, Armenian composer (b. 1883)
- 1936 – Conchita Supervía, Spanish opera singer (b. 1895)
- 1940 – Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet Scottish politician (b. 1876)
- 1943 – Jan Bytnar, Polish activist (b. 1921)
- 1943 – Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski, Polish activist (b. 1920)
- 1949 – Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1884)
- 1950 – Léon Blum, French prime minister (b. 1872)
- 1952 – Jigme Wangchuck, Bhutan King (b. 1905)
- 1955 – Harl McDonald, American composer, conductor, pianist and teacher (b. 1899)
- 1956 – Edmund Clerihew Bentley, English novelist and humorist, inventor of the clerihew (b. 1875)
- 1959 – Daniil Andreev, Russian writer and mystic (b. 1906)
- 1959 – Riccardo Zanella, Italian-Slovenen politician, president of Free State of Fiume (b. 1875)
- 1960 – Joseph Haas, German composer and teacher (b. 1879)
- 1960 – Fritz Klimsch, German sculptor (b. 1870)
- 1961 – Philibert Jacques Melotte, British astronomer (b. 1880)
- 1963 – Aleksandr Gauk, Russian conductor and composer (b. 1893)
- 1965 – Philip Showalter Hench, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1896)
- 1966 – Erwin Piscator, German director and producer (b. 1893)
- 1966 – Maxfield Parrish, American painter and illustrator (b. 1870)
- 1966 – Newbold Morris, American politician (b. 1902)
- 1967 – Jean Toomer, American writer (b. 1894)
- 1968 – Bobby Driscoll, American actor (b. 1937)
- 1969 – Lucien Bianchi, Belgian racing driver (b. 1934)
- 1970 – Heinrich Brüning, German politician, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1885)
- 1971 – Selmer Jackson, American actor (b. 1888)
- 1972 – Gabriel Heatter, American radio commentator (b. 1890)
- 1972 – Peter Whitney, American actor (b. 1916)
- 1973 – Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish aviator (b. 1903)
- 1975 – Peter Bamm, German writer (b. 1897)
- 1977 – Abdel Halim Hafez, Egyptian singer and actor (b. 1929)
- 1977 – Levko Revutsky, Ukrainian composer, teacher, and activist (b. 1889)
- 1978 – George Paine, English cricketer (b. 1908)
- 1979 – Airey Neave, British politician (b.1916)
- 1979 – Ray Ventura, French jazz bandleader (b. 1908)
- 1981 – DeWitt Wallace, American publisher (b. 1889)
- 1983 – Pál Kadosa, Hungarian composer (b. 1903)
- 1984 – Karl Rahner, German theologian (b. 1904)
- 1985 – Harold Peary, American actor and singer (b. 1908)
- 1986 – James Cagney, American actor (b. 1899)
- 1986 – John Ciardi, American poet, translator, and etymologist (b. 1916)
- 1988 – Edgar Faure, French politician (b. 1908)
- 1990 – Harry Bridges, Australian-American union leader (b. 1901)
- 1992 – Manolis Andronikos, Greek archeologist and professor (b. 1919)
- 1993 – Richard Diebenkorn, American painter (b. 1922)
- 1994 – Sid Weiss, American jazz double-bassist (b. 1914)
- 1995 – Rozelle Claxton, American jazz pianist (b. 1913)
- 1995 – Tony Lock, English cricketer (b. 1929)
- 1995 – Paul A. Rothchild, American music producer (b. 1935)
- 1996 – Hugh Falkus, British writer, film maker, World War II pilot and angler (b. 1917)
- 1996 – Ryoei Saito, Japanese businessman (b. 1916)
- 1999 – Gary Morton, American producer (b. 1924)
- 2000 – Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian politician, President of Austria (b. 1915)
- 2002 – Anand Bakshi, Indian lyricist (b. 1930)
- 2002 – Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, of the United Kingdom (b. 1900)
- 2003 – Michael Jeter, American actor (b. 1952)
- 2003 – Valentin Pavlov, Soviet politician (b. 1937)
- 2004 – Alistair Cooke, English-born journalist (b. 1908)
- 2004 – Hubert Gregg, British broadcaster (b. 1914)
- 2004 – Michael King, New Zealand historian (b. 1945)
- 2004 – Timi Yuro, American singer (b. 1940)
- 2005 – Robert Creeley, American poet (b. 1926)
- 2005 – Emil Dimitrov, Bulgarian singer (b. 1940)
- 2005 – Milton Green, American athlete (b. 1913)
- 2005 – Mitch Hedberg, American comedian (b. 1968)
- 2005 – Fred Korematsu, American civil rights activist (b. 1919)
- 2005 – Derrick Plourde, American drummer (Lagwagon, Bad Astronaut, The Ataris, Mad Caddies, and Rich Kids on LSD) (b. 1971)
- 2005 – Don Rose, American radio personality (b. 1934)
- 2005 – Chrysanthos Theodoridis, Greek singer and songwriter (b. 1934)
- 2005 – O. V. Vijayan, Indian author and cartoonist (b. 1930)
- 2006 – Red Hickey, American football coach (b. 1917)
- 2006 – John McGahern, Irish novelist (b. 1934)
- 2007 – John Roberts, Canadian politician (b. 1933)
- 2008 – Dith Pran, Cambodian photographer (b. 1942)
- 2008 – David Leslie, British race car driver (b. 1953)
- 2008 – Richard Lloyd, British race car driver (b. 1945)
- 2010 – Jaime Escalante, Bolivian educator (b. 1930)
- 2010 – Martin Sandberger, German military officer (b. 1911)
- 2012 – Robert R. Beezer, American federal judge (b. 1928)
- 2012 – Ron Gaunt, Australian cricketer (b. 1934)
[edit] Holidays and observances
[edit] External links
