Over the past week there has been
much frenzied speculation about the CERN experiment that appeared to demonstrate neutrinos traveling faster than light.
Its been twenty years since I worked in the field, but some of the speculation seems to be running ahead of the facts at this point. Many people have a lot of doubt about the results, including the people working on the experiment. The story broke when they circulated a draft of the paper asking people to look real hard for a mistake. The draft was leaked and made the headlines.
Experimentation is God's way of reminding physicists that physics is not an exact science. Errors can creep in in the most peculiar and unlikely of places. When I was at Oxford another group in the lab were replicating an experiment that appeared to show a very, very heavy neutrino, a particle that could not possibly exist according the standard model.
At first the replicated experiment appeared to show the same results as the first, confirming the discovery. Then after over a year of work they discovered that even though the counter in the second experiment was a different make from the first, it had the same parts inside. Eventually the anomalous observation was found to be an artifact introduced by the counter malfunctioning at a very specific temperature.
There are two possible sources of error in the experiment: The time of flight measurement may be wrong and the distance measurement may be wrong. Getting those measurements right to a few feet or nanoseconds is non-trivial when the source and detector are hundreds of miles apart. Furthermore the earth rotates on its axis and orbits the sun and so the detector is moving towards the source while the neutrinos are in flight.
There are plans to replicate the experiment at Fermilab. A lot of people will be very interested in their results. Even if the experimental result turns out to be correct it does not necessarily mean that we can look forward to having warp core technology in the near future.
Incidentally, while the Tevatron is closing down at Fermilab next week, this does not mean the "end of high energy physics in the US" as some of the scare stories would have it. CERN is a physics lab that happens to be in Europe, not a physics lab for Europeans. The US has been a major contributor to science at CERN for decades. There are 40 US institutions involved in the LHC ATLAS experiment alone.
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