However, when the kidneys are no longer working—referred to as kidney failure—urea can accumulate to toxic levels. Uremia is most often due to kidney failure from advanced chronic kidney ...

In healthy kidneys, protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) are cleared from the systemic circulation by proximal tubule cells through the concerted action of plasma membrane transporters that facilitate ...

Diarrhea-positive hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a renal disorder that results from infections with Shiga-toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to establish ...

These compounds travel to the liver, which converts them into p-cresol sulfate, a toxic uremic substance. "This is a natural process," Kiang says. The body's addition of the sulfate group makes it ...

Older cats with CKD struggle to filter toxins from their bloodstream effectively. In this study, the researchers analyzed kidney samples from two cat cohorts aged 6 to 21 years. The cohort number ...

Advanced chronic kidney disease patients display a systemic metabolic disorder driven by the plasma retention of endogenous metabolites (uremic toxins), known as the uremic syndrome. Uremic toxins ...

The objective was to explore the gut microbiota and their influence on uremic toxins in PD patients and healthy controls (HC). Fecal samples were collected from PD patients (n = 105) and HC (n = 102).

Therefore, we are devoted to developing a MXene-based adsorbent system to remove uremic toxins from dialysate and even blood directly. As the first step, we have demonstrated that urea, one of the ...