The Green Papers: Open Governor's Chairs, Senate and House Seats at the time of the 2023 General Election

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Office		Reason for Open Chair or Seat
Office		Term Limit	Voluntary	Vacant	Total
Governor	Republican	13	2	0	15
Governor	Democratic	10	1	0	11
Congressman	Democratic	0	23	0	23
Congressman	Republican	0	13	1	14
Senator	Democratic	0	5	0	5
Senator	Republican	0	2	0	2
Totals		23	46	1	70

Alabama

Governor
- Republican - Governor Kay Ivey
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit

Alaska

Governor
- Republican - Governor Mike J. Dunleavy
- Open Chair. Term Limit.

Arizona

House CD 3
- Democratic - Congressman Ruben Gallego
- Open Seat. 23 January 2023: Member of Congress Ruben Gallego announced he will run for the Senate Class 1 seat in 2024.
House CD 8
- Republican - Congressman Debbie Lesko
- Open Seat. 17 October 2023: "It has been a great honor to serve the people of Arizona's 8th Congressional District in Congress, however, I have decided not to run for reelection in 2024."

California

Senate Class 1
- Democratic - Senator Laphonza Romanique Butler
- Open Seat. 19 October 2023: "... I've decided not to run for Senate in the upcoming election."
Governor
- Democratic - Governor Gavin Newsom
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit
House CD 12
- Democratic - Congressman Barbara Lee
- Open Seat. 11 January 2023: Media reports state that she will be a candidate for the U.S. Senate Class 1 seat in 2024. 21 February 2023: "Today I am proud to announce my candidacy for U.S. Senate." 15 February 2023: Filed with the FEC for the U.S. Senate Class 1 seat.
House CD 16
- Democratic - Congressman Anna G. Eshoo
- Open Seat. 21 November 2023: "I'm choosing this beautiful season of Thanksgiving to announce that I will not seek reelection ...."
House CD 20
- Republican - Congressman Kevin McCarthy
- Open Seat. 6 December 2023: "I have decided to depart the House at the end of this year to serve America in new ways. I know my work is only getting started ...." 19 December 2023: "I hereby submit my resignation, effective on Dec. 31, 2023."
House CD 29
- Democratic - Congressman Tony Cárdenas
- Open Seat. 20 November 2023: Retiring. "It will be the first time in 28 years that I'm not on the ballot ..."
House CD 30
- Democratic - Congressman Adam B. Schiff
- Open Seat. 26 January 2023: Candidate for US Senate Class 1 in 2024.
House CD 31
- Democratic - Congressman Grace Flores Napolitano
- Open Seat. 9 July 2023: Announced retirement.
House CD 47
- Democratic - Congressman Katherine "Katie" Porter
- Open Seat. 10 January 2023: Candidate for the U.S. Senate Class 1 seat in 2024.

Colorado

Governor
- Democratic - Governor Jared Polis
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit
House CD 4
- Republican - Congressman Kenneth R. "Ken" Buck
- Open Seat. 1 November 2023: "Earlier today I announced that I won't be seeking re-election to the U.S. House of Representatives."

Delaware

Senate Class 1
- Democratic - Senator Thomas R. "Tom" Carper
- Open Seat. 22 May 2023: Announced retirement. "As last year came to a close ... Martha and I began to focus on what I should do next. If I ran for a 5th term in the Senate and won, it would be a record 15 statewide elections. After a good deal of prayer and introspection, and more than a few heart-to-heart conversations, we’ve decided we should run through the tape over the next 20 months and finish the important work that my staff and I have begun ..."
Governor
- Democratic - Governor John Charles Carney, Jr.
- Open Chair. Term Limit.
House At-Large
- Democratic - Congressman Lisa Blunt Rochester
- Open Seat. 21 June 2023: "I'm running to represent Delaware in the United States Senate."

Florida

Governor
- Republican - Governor Ronald D. "Ron" DeSantis
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.

Georgia

Governor
- Republican - Governor Brian Porter Kemp
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.
House CD 3
- Republican - Congressman Anderson Drew "Drew" Ferguson, IV
- Open Seat. 14 December 2023: "Upon the conclusion of the 118th Congress, I will be retiring from the House of Representatives."

Indiana

Senate Class 1
- Republican - Senator Michael K. "Mike" Braun
- Open Seat. 29 November 2022: Candidate for Governor in 2024.
Governor
- Republican - Governor Eric Joseph Holcomb
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.
House CD 3
- Republican - Congressman James E. "Jim" Banks
- Open Seat. 17 January 2023: Candidate for the U.S. Senate Class 1 seat in 2024.
House CD 5
- Republican - Congressman Victoria Spartz
- Open Seat. 3 February 2023: "... I will not run for any office 2024."

Kansas

Governor
- Democratic - Governor Laura Kelly
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.

Louisiana

Governor
- Democratic - Governor John Bel Edwards
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At Term Limit

Maine

Governor
- Democratic - Governor Janet T. Mills
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.

Maryland

Senate Class 1
- Democratic - Senator Benjamin L. "Ben" Cardin
- Open Seat. 1 May 2023: Senator Cardin will not seek re-election in 2024: "I have run my last election and will not be on the ballot in 2024, ..."
House CD 3
- Democratic - Congressman John Peter Spyros Sarbanes
- Open Seat. 26 October 2023: "Announcing today that I won't be running for reelection in 2024."
House CD 6
- Democratic - Congressman David J. Trone
- Open Seat. 4 May 2023: Candidate for U.S. Senate in 2024.

Michigan

Senate Class 1
- Democratic - Senator Debbie Stabenow
- Open Seat. 5 January 2023: "... I am announcing ... that I will not seek re-election and will leave ... at the end of my term on January 3, 2025 ... "
Governor
- Democratic - Governor Gretchen Whitmer
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.
House CD 7
- Democratic - Congressman Elissa Slotkin
- Open Seat. 27 February 2023: Candidate for U.S. Senate.
House CD 8
- Democratic - Congressman Daniel T. "Dan" Kildee
- Open Seat. 16 November 2023: Announced he was not running for re-election. "... the time has come for me to step back from public office."

Minnesota

House CD 3
- Democratic - Congressman Dean Phillips
- Open Seat. 27 October 2023: Candidate for President in 2024. 24 November 2023: Not a candidate for re-election. "... after three terms it is time to pass the torch."

Missouri

Governor
- Republican - Governor Michael L. "Mike" Parson
- Open Chair. Term Limit.

Montana

Governor
- Republican - Governor Greg Gianforte
- Open Chair.

New Hampshire

Governor
- Republican - Governor Chris Sununu
- Open Chair. 19 July 2023: "I have decided not to run for another term as Governor in 2024...."

New Jersey

Governor
- Democratic - Governor Philip "Phil" Murphy
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.
House CD 3
- Democratic - Congressman Andrew "Andy" Kim
- Open Seat. 23 September 2023: "After calls to resign, Senator Menendez said 'I am not going anywhere.' As a result, I feel compelled to run against him. Not something I expected to do, but NJ deserves better. We cannot jeopardize the Senate or compromise our integrity."

New Mexico

Governor
- Democratic - Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.

New York

House CD 3
- Republican - Congressman George Anthony Devolder-Santos
- Vacant Office. aka George Santos. 11 January 2023: The Nassau County Republican Committee calls for the immediate resignation of George Santos. Nassau GOP makes major announcement regarding Congressman George Santos 17 April 2023: "I am proudly announcing my bid for re-election for #NY03." 10 May 2023: Member of Congress George Santos (Republican) is placed in custody after being indicted on Federal charges including 7 counts of wire fraud, 3 counts of money laundering, 1 count of theft of public funds, and 2 counts of making materially false statements to the House of Representatives. Ref: U.S. Attorney's Office, Eastern District of New York . 10 October 2023: Member of Congress George Santos (Republican) is charged with 10 new counts: 1 count of conspiracy to commit offenses against the United States, 2 counts of wire fraud, 2 counts of making materially false statements to the Federal Election Commission, 2 counts of falsifying records to the Federal Election Commission, 2 counts of aggravated identity theft, and 1 count of access device fraud. Ref: U.S. Attorney's Office, Eastern District of New York . 16 November 2023: The House Ethics Committee released a report stating there is substantial evidence that Member of Congress George Santos (Republican) violated federal crimes. Member of Congress Santos stated "I will however NOT be seeking re-election for a second term in 2024...." 1 December 2023: Member of Congress George Anthony Devolder-Santos (Republican) was expelled 311 yeas, 114 nays, 2 present, 8 not voting . Nominees for Special Elections are selected by the parties in each affected county. There are no primaries. The date for a Special Election for US House seat must be set by Governor Kathleen Courtney "Kathy" Hochul (Democratic) no later than 10 days after the seat becomes empty and then must be held within 3 months of that.
House CD 26
- Democratic - Congressman Brian M. Higgins
- Open Seat. 9 November 2023: Member of Congress Brian M. Higgins (Democratic) will resign in early February 2024 to become president of Shea's Performing Arts Center in Buffalo. "... after thoughtful consideration, I have made the difficult decision to leave Congress ...." Media reports state he will resign circa February 2024.

North Carolina

Governor
- Democratic - Governor Roy Asberry Cooper, III
- Open Chair. Term Limit.
House CD 6
- Democratic - Congressman Kathy Ellen Manning
- Open Seat. 7 December 2023: "I would love nothing more than to continue representing our community in Congress. Unfortunately, the egregiously gerrymandered maps do not make this race competitive, and I cannot in good conscience ask people to invest their time, resources and efforts in a campaign that is rigged against us."
House CD 8
- Republican - Congressman James Daniel "Dan" Bishop
- Open Seat. 3 August 2023: Candidate for Attorney General in 2024.
House CD 10
- Republican - Congressman Patrick Timothy McHenry
- Open Seat. 5 December 2023: "I will be retiring from Congress at the end of my current term. This is not a decision I come to lightly, but I believe there is a season for everything and- for me- this season has come to an end."
House CD 13
- Democratic - Congressman George Wilmarth "Wiley" Nickel, III
- Open Seat. 14 December 2023: "Republicans have rigged the system to favor themselves and I don't have a path to run for re-election ... in January I'm going to flip our US Senate seat blue."
House CD 14
- Democratic - Congressman Jeffrey Neale "Jeff" Jackson
- Open Seat. 26 October 2023: Candidate for Attorney General.

Ohio

Governor
- Republican - Governor Michael "Mike" DeWine
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.
House CD 2
- Republican - Congressman Brad R. Wenstrup
- Open Seat. 9 November 2023: "I'll be retiring from Congress at the end of next year."
House CD 6
- Republican - Congressman Bill Johnson
- Open Seat. 21 November 2023: "After much thought and prayerful deliberation, I have accepted the offer to lead Youngstown State University and will not be seeking an 8th term in Congress...." Johnson is to begin at YSU on 15 March 2024 and he will resign from Congress by that date.

Oklahoma

Governor
- Republican - Governor Kevin Stitt
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.

Oregon

House CD 3
- Democratic - Congressman Earl Blumenauer
- Open Seat. 30 October 2023: Not seeking another term -- "I'm not certain that two more years in Congress in this climate is the best way to deal with things I care about...."

South Carolina

Governor
- Republican - Governor Henry Dargan McMaster
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.

South Dakota

Governor
- Republican - Governor Kristi Lynn Noem
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.

Tennessee

Governor
- Republican - Governor William "Bill" Lee
- Open Chair. Term Limit. At term limit.

Texas

House CD 12
- Republican - Congressman Kay N. Granger
- Open Seat. 1 November 2023: Announced retirement. "It's time for the next generation to step up and take the mantle and be a strong and fierce representative for the people...."
House CD 26
- Republican - Congressman Michael C. Burgess
- Open Seat. 13 November 2023: Member of Congress Michael C. Burgess (Republican) announced that he will not run for re-election.
House CD 32
- Democratic - Congressman Colin Allred
- Open Seat. 3 May 2023: Candidate for the U.S. Senate seat in 2024.

Utah

Senate Class 1
- Republican - Senator Willard "Mitt" Romney
- Open Seat. 13 September 2023: " ".... it's time for a new generation of leaders."

Virginia

Governor
- Republican - Governor Glenn A. Youngkin
- Open Chair. Term Limit.
House CD 7
- Democratic - Congressman Abigail A. Spanberger
- Open Seat. 28 July 2023: Candidate for Governor in 2025. 13 November 2023: Member of Congress Abigail A. Spanberger (Democratic) will not seek re-election to the U.S. House District 7 in 2024 in order to run for Governor in 2025.
House CD 10
- Democratic - Congressman Jennifer T. Wexton
- Open Seat. 18 September 2023: "... taking into consideration the prognosis for my health ... I have made the decision not to seek reelection once my term is complete ...."

Washington

Governor
- Democratic - Governor Jay R. Inslee
- Open Chair. 1 May 2023: Governor Inslee will not seek re-election: "I'm ready to pass the torch...."
House CD 6
- Democratic - Congressman Derek Kilmer
- Open Seat. 9 November 2023: "... I will not seek re-election next year."

West Virginia

Senate Class 1
- Democratic - Senator Joseph "Joe" Manchin, III
- Open Seat. 9 November 2023: "I have made one of the toughest decisions of my life and decided that I will not be running for re-election to the United States Senate...."
Governor
- Republican - Governor James Conley "Jim" Justice, II
- Open Chair. Term Limit. 27 April 2023: Candidate for the U.S. Senate Class 1 Seat in 2024.
House CD 2
- Republican - Congressman Alexander Xavier "Alex" Mooney
- Open Seat. Candidate for the Class 1 Senate Seat in 2024.

2023 General Election Outline

2023 General Election Home
Popular Vote by Office
- Gubernatorial Popular Vote by Party
Regarding Popular Vote Edge Cases
- Close Contests Summary - Decision by 2% or less
- Contests Where No Candidate Received a Majority
2023 Primaries and Runoffs for Statewide offices/Congress
Polling Hours
- Primary/Special Elections Only
- General Elections Only
Offices
Primaries at a Glance
- Gubernatorial Primaries at a Glance
Regarding Office Edge Cases
- Open Governor's Chairs, Senate and House Seats (the incumbent is not running for re-election)
- Governor's Chairs, Senate, and U.S. House Seats with no incumbent running for them
- Uncontested Governor's Chairs, Senate, and U.S. House Seats (one candidate running for office)
- Governor's Chairs, Senate, and U.S. House Seats with multiple incumbents running for them
- Governor's Chairs, Senate, and U.S. House Seats with only one major party candidate running for office
2023 Partisan Composition by State
Political Parties
History
Downloadable data files

Modified .