Showing posts with label teruma. Show all posts
Showing posts with label teruma. Show all posts

Sunday, February 02, 2014

Heavy is the head that wears the crown

Especially if the crown weighs a full kikar of gold!

The pasuk and Rashi from parshat Teruma:

He shall make it of a talent of pure gold, with all these implements.לט. כִּכַּר זָהָב טָהוֹר יַעֲשֶׂה אֹתָהּ אֵת כָּל הַכֵּלִים הָאֵלֶּה:
a talent pure gold: Heb. כִּכַּר.[This means] that its weight along with all its implements shall be nothing but a talent, no less and no more. The talent used for mundane matters was sixty maneh, and the one used for holy matters was double, thus one hundred twenty maneh (Bech. 5a). The maneh is the litra with which silver is weighed according to the weight used in Cologne, which is the equivalent of one hundred gold pieces [or] twenty-five selas, for the sela is equivalent to four gold pieces. [This is the equivalent of sixty-four pounds.]ככר זהב טהור: שלא יהיה משקלה עם כל כליה אלא ככר, לא פחות ולא יותר, והככר של חול ששים מנה ושל קדש היה כפול, מאה עשרים מנה, והמנה הוא ליטרא ששוקלין בה כסף למשקל קולוני"א והם מאה זהובים, עשרים וחמשה סלעים והסלע ארבעה זהובים:

Rabbenu Yona Ibn Janach writes:

That is, after relating a complex calculation of its weight, he writes:

"Like this I have seen, but it is astonishing to me, that this was not too heavy upon the kings to wear a crown of this weight upon their heads, as is stated (II Shmuel 12:30):

ל  וַיִּקַּח אֶת-עֲטֶרֶת-מַלְכָּם מֵעַל רֹאשׁוֹ וּמִשְׁקָלָהּ כִּכַּר זָהָב, וְאֶבֶן יְקָרָה, וַתְּהִי, עַל-רֹאשׁ דָּוִד; וּשְׁלַל הָעִיר הוֹצִיא, הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד.30 And he took the crown of their king from off his head; and the weight thereof was a talent of gold, and in it were precious stones; and it was set on David's head. And he brought forth the spoil of the city, exceeding much.

And therefore I don't think that this explanation is correct. Even though I have seen in a few of the commentaries that the kikar is 100 litras.

(The compiler [R' A.Z. Rabinowitz]: Yet there are some who explain מלכם not from the language of king but rather like Milcom, the deity of the Bnei Amon, see Yirmeyahu 49:1, but there [in the same pasuk in Shmuel] immediately afterwards it states, וַתְּהִי, עַל-רֹאשׁ דָּוִד, and it was on the head of David.)

(Sefer Hashorashim 229)"

End quote. I emended the translated pasuk in Shmuel above so as not to give away the Milcom deity answer, and to be consistent with Ibn Janach's translation.

For comparison, the Imperial State Crown weighs 0.9 kg, which is much less.

ImperialStateCrown.jpg

Other possibilities:
a) The phrase וַתְּהִי, עַל-רֹאשׁ דָּוִד is meant figuratively, that he took rulership.
b) It was this heavy, either of the deity or of a king, but was mounted to the throne, rather than resting on David's head.
c) divrei torah midivrei kabbalah lo yalfinan. Words as they are used in Navi are not necessarily used the same way they are used in the Torah. And so, while shekel and kikar may have a one weight unit meaning in the Torah, they might have an entirely different weight-unit meaning in sefer Shmuel.

Thursday, January 30, 2014

YUTorah on parashat Teruma

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Sunday, January 26, 2014

posts so far for parashat Terumah

2013

1. YUTorah on parashat Teruma

2. Is daber exclusively strong, harsh language? According to Baal Haturim, it implies conciliatory language.


2012

1. Terumah sources, 2012 edition -- updated and improved.

2. I 'sleep', yet my heart waketh -- according to the Meiri, with an interesting Freudian interpretation of the poles of the ark.

3. YUTorah on parashat Teruma

4. Beating baby rams for the cover of the Mishkan -- Why doesn't Rashi suggest that that is what וְעֹרֹת אֵילִם מְאָדָּמִים means, if the Yerushalmi explains it in this manner? Rav Chaim Kanievsky asks and answers. And I give my own explanation.

5. Beating baby rams, continued -- Presenting the Chasam Sofer on that Yerushalmi about beating baby rams for the red-skinned ram hides for the Mishkan.

6. Multiple techashim in the time of the midbar -- Which then resolves the question of where the shoes in Yechezkel came from.

7. Oros Techashim as humorous words -- An interesting thought by Rav Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev.

8. The trup on וְעָשִׂיתָ מִכְסֶה לָאֹהֶל -- Shadal generates the alternate cantillation, based on Rabbi Yehuda's position, mentioned in Rashi.

2011

  1. Teruma sources -- further expanded. For example, many more meforshei Rashi.
    .
  2. Why I am in favor of murex trunculus techelet. Part one and part two.
    .
  3. Should one study secular subjects, independently of Torah Is the Maharsham correct that a talmid chacham should gain all secular knowledge from Torah, parallel to the menorah which was beaten out of one piece of molten gold?
    .
  4. The extra vav that wasn't -- As it appears in Rashi, Ibn Ezra, and Chizkuni. See also this earlier post, by the same title.
    .
  5. How does Onkelos translate Tachash?  A strange word. Is it an animal or a color?
    .
  6. How does *Rav Yosef* translate Tachash?  We saw in the previous post that sasgona is sky-blue. Did Rav Yosef, the expert Targumist, get this wrong? There are numerous other difficulties with the gemara, especially when compared with the parallel Yerushalmi. This post presents an admittedly extremely speculative reconstruction of the original sugya, in which a number of issues are resolved, and tala ilan becomes kala ilan.
    .
  7. All who add, subtract --  How to understand a gemara in Sanhedrin, about a pasuk in parshat Trumah.
    .
  8. The well of Miriam, miraculously growing acacia trees --  An interpretation from Baal HaTurim, of trees growing wherever they went, conflicts with a midrash that Yaakov needed to plant acacia (or rather, cedar) trees for the mishkan. Can we resolve the contradiction?

2010
  1. Terumah sources -- revamped, with more than 100 meforshim on the parsha and haftarah.
    a
  2. Are the Samaritans right about the spelling of תיעשה? Of course, it would not just be the Samaritans, but various masoretes masoretic texts as well. And it is possible that the malei spelling stems from misunderstanding a midrash.
    .
  3. What was bothering Rabbi Yosef Ibn CaspiContinuing the conversation on a post in Mishpatim. How Rashbam differing from Chazal is not the same as Rashi differing from Chazal. And considering how Ibn Caspi onegrof would potentially argue with the conclusions of Chazal.

2009
  1. Take for me -- part of the running commentary. What is the ultimate purpose of the mishkan? Why bother with gold and silver? Isn't this focus on externalities, and the golden statues of keruvim, at odds with the message at the end of parshat Yitro, where the altar could even be of earth, and where idols (perhaps imbued with a manifestation of a deity above) were disallowed?
    .
  2. Terumah sources -- links by perek and aliyah to an online Mikraos Gedolos, plus a whole slew of meforshim on the parsha and haftara.
2008
2006
  • The Mishkan Reflecting A Changed Relationship With Hashem
    • A midrash which resonates, with no additions from me. Morasha/Meorasa. Before marriage, the chasan must visit his father-in-law's house to visit his bride, but afterwards, she lives with him. See inside.
  • The Identification of Izzim
    • as goats' hair. Or perhaps as other sundry bright and intense dyes and cloths.
  • The Identification of Techelet
    • As blue or black. And how the Karaite approach of ignoring tradition for the meaning of color, trying instead to deduce it from analysis of the root, is extremely misguided. And the meaning of the Rambam's identification. And more.
  • Tekhelet as Black as Kohl?
    • Further analysis of Rambam. Kohl is kochal, a Biblical cosmetic. But what color is it?
2005
2004
2003
  • Inside Like the Outside
    • From the somewhat dry material of the description of the mishkan, Chazal find homiletic gold. Just as the ark must be covered with gold inside and out, so must man. Learning Torah is not enough. One also has to be a moral and righteous person, with fear of Heaven, and in fact, Torah is just a means to that end - belief in, fear of, and service of Hashem.
to be continued...

Thursday, February 14, 2013

Is daber exclusively strong, harsh language?

It is a general running assumption that daber / vayedaber is strong, harsh language, while vayomer is soft language. This finds purchase, for example, in Makos daf 10b-11a:
א"ר חמא בר חנינא מפני מה נאמרה פרשת רוצחים 
בלשון עזה דכתיב (יהושע כ, א) וידבר ה' אל יהושע לאמר דבר אל בני ישראל לאמר תנו לכם את ערי המקלט אשר דברתי אליכם וגו' מפני שהן של תורה 
למימרא דכל דיבור לשון קשה אין כדכתיב (בראשית מב, ל) דבר האיש אדוני הארץ אתנו קשות והתניא (מלאכי ג, טז) נדברו אין נדברו אלא לשון נחת וכן הוא אומר (תהלים מז, ד) ידבר עמים תחתינו דבר לחוד ידבר לחוד: 

In English:
(a) (Rav Chama bar Chanina): The Parshah of Arei Miklat was said to Yehoshua in a harsh language ("*Va'Ydaber* Hash-m...", in the rest of Yehoshua it says "Va'Yomer Hash-m") because it is a Mitzvah of the Torah.
1. Question: Does this imply that va'Ydaber is a harsh language?
2. Answer: Yes - "Diber ha'Ish Adonei ha'Aretz Itanu Kashos".
3. Question (Beraisa): "Nidberu" (those who fear Hash-m spoke with each other) - this is a gentle language, "Yadber Amim Tachteinu".
4. Answer: Daber (or va'Ydaber) is harsh, Yadber (or Nidberu) is soft.
Thus, R' Chama bar Chanina makes a statement, contrasting the single usage of daber with the overwhelming usage of amira in sefer Yehoshua. The setama degemara takes this as evidence that the word daber, all by itself, implies harsh language, and asks based on a counter-example. And the setama degemara resolves the question by distinguishing between the two languages of daber.

I would imagine that one could resolve it otherwise, by saying that when there is a deliberate contrast and reason to assume harshness, one could read in harshness. But in other instances, follow what the derasha implies. And especially in midrash aggadda, don't expect such systematic consistency, within the meaning of a single word.

I saw an intersting midrash cited by the Baal HaTurim at the beginning of Teruma, on the first pasuk:
1. "The Lord spoke to Moses saying: א. וַיְדַבֵּר ה אֶל משֶׁה לֵּאמֹר:
2. "Speak to the children of Israel, and have them take for Me an offering; from every person whose heart inspires him to generosity, you shall take My offering. ב. דַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִקְחוּ לִי תְּרוּמָה מֵאֵת כָּל אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יִדְּבֶנּוּ לִבּוֹ תִּקְחוּ אֶת תְּרוּמָתִי:


The Baal HaTurim writes:
Here, he takes daber as a language of piyus, implying conciliation. His prooftext is none of the above, but rather daber al lev Yerushalayim. And he cites a similar midrash, from Rabbi Avahu.

Make of it what you will.

Wednesday, February 13, 2013

YUTorah on parshas Terumah





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